Abstract
Camel colostrum collected within 24 h after parturition was analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological composition. The average contents of fats, dry matter, mineral matter and proteins were 1.71±0.51, 199.55±16.93, 9.75±0.5 and 143.42±36.42 gL-1, respectively. Microbiological analysis of colostrum samples showed richness in yeasts and Lactic acid bacteria and absence of coliforms. The good microbial quality of camel colostrum is due to a number of antimicrobial molecules such as immunoglobulins and lactoferrin. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against the pathogens Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. At concentration of 20 g L-1, colostrum caused an important inhibition of growth of all tested bacteria. It therefore seemed interesting to assess whether the compounds inhibit the growth of tested strains present in camel colostrum are resisting to the action of digestive enzymes. An in vitro hydrolysis by pepsin and pancreatin was then conducted. Hydrolyzed camel colostrum was still active against all pathogenic strains with inhibition rate ranging from 15.8% to 24.18%. This finding highlights the presence of antimicrobial fragments/peptides released during proteolytic hydrolysis that may contribute to the antimicrobial activity in camel colostrum and play a significant role in the host defence system.
Highlights
Colostrum, a nutrient-rich fluid produced by female mammals immediately after giving birth, is loaded with immune and growth factors
Few studies have been reported that camel colostrum is rich in bioactives molecules such as antioxydant and antihypertensif peptides released after enzymatic hydrolysis or fermentation of milk (Jrad et al, 2014)
Camel colostrum and milk were handily collected from eleven healthy camel (Camelus dromedarius) reared in Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory of Arid Land Institute in south of Tunisia
Summary
A nutrient-rich fluid produced by female mammals immediately after giving birth, is loaded with immune and growth factors. The early lactation, has a nutritional profile and immunological composition that substantially differs from that of mature milk. In the matter of fact, camel colostrum contains more protein, non protein nitrogen, ash, vitamins, and minerals than doe’s milk. It contains significant quantities of components that act as natural antimicrobial agents to actively stimulate the maturation of a camel calf’s immune system. Few studies have been reported that camel colostrum is rich in bioactives molecules such as antioxydant and antihypertensif peptides released after enzymatic hydrolysis or fermentation of milk (Jrad et al, 2014). Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) attract the attention of many researchers because the resistance of many pathogenic bacteria to conventional antibiotics
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