Abstract
The performance demands of future particle-physics experiments investigating the high-energy frontier pose a number of new challenges, forcing us to find improved solutions for the detection, identification, and measurement of final-state particles in subnuclear collisions. One such challenge is the precise measurement of muon momentum at very high energy, where an estimate of the curvature provided by conceivable magnetic fields in realistic detectors proves insufficient for achieving good momentum resolution when detecting, e.g., a narrow, high mass resonance decaying to a muon pair. In this work we study the feasibility of an entirely new avenue for the measurement of the energy of muons based on their radiative losses in a dense, finely segmented calorimeter. This is made possible by exploiting spatial information of the clusters of energy from radiated photons in a regression task. The use of a task-specific deep learning architecture based on convolutional layers allows us to treat the problem as one akin to image reconstruction, where images are constituted by the pattern of energy released in successive layers of the calorimeter. A measurement of muon energy with better than 20% relative resolution is shown to be achievable for ultra-TeV muons.
Highlights
In continuity with their glorious past, muons will remain valuable probes of new physics phenomena in future searches at high-energy colliders
A number of heavy particles predicted by new-physics models are accessible preferentially, and in some cases exclusively, by the detection of their decay to final states that include electrons or muons; in particular, the reconstruction of the resonant shape of dileptonic decays of new Z gauge bosons resulting from the addition of an extra U(1) group or higher symmetry structures to the Standard Model [10,11] constitutes a compelling reason for seeking the best possible energy resolution for electrons and muons of high energy
As we move towards the investigation of the potential of new accelerators envisioned by the recently published “2020 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics” [56], we need to ask ourselves how we plan to determine the energy of multi-TeV muons in the future detectors which those machines will be endowed with and beyond
Summary
In continuity with their glorious past, muons will remain valuable probes of new physics phenomena in future searches at high-energy colliders. A number of heavy particles predicted by new-physics models are accessible preferentially, and in some cases exclusively, by the detection of their decay to final states that include electrons or muons; in particular, the reconstruction of the resonant shape of dileptonic decays of new Z gauge bosons resulting from the addition of an extra U(1) group or higher symmetry structures to the Standard Model [10,11] constitutes a compelling reason for seeking the best possible energy resolution for electrons and muons of high energy. For non-minimum-ionizing particles, calorimetric measurements win over curvature determinations at high energy, due to the different scaling properties of the respective resolution functions: relative uncertainty of curvature-driven estimates grows linearly with ener√gy, while the one of calorimetric estimates decreases with E
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