Caloric aspects of nonlinear ferroelectric constitutive behavior: modeling and simulation

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The theoretical background and a finite element approach based on a micromechanically and physically motivated nonlinear constitutive model are presented. The model considers the mutual nonlinear coupling of thermal and electromechanical fields. Weak formulations are introduced based on a generalized Hamilton–Jourdain-type variational approach. Numerical calculations show the effects of temperature on the electromechanical field quantities and vice versa. They also reveal switching processes in ferroelectrics and associated heating, taking into account their dependence on temperature changes.