Abstract
This paper presents a method to evaluate the energy dissipation in the pavement, induced by the viscous behaviour of bituminous constituents. The introduced method starts from the experimental characterization of each material and goes to the determination of stress and strain field, as well as viscous dissipated energy, in a pavement structure under a rolling wheel. A classical French pavement structure is considered as an application example. First, the behaviour of bituminous materials is characterized with advanced complex modulus tests. Second, a rheological model is used to describe the linear visco-elastic behaviour of bituminous materials. This model was previously developed at the Civil Engineering and Buildings Department of University of Lyon/ENTPE and has already shown its ability to describe completely and precisely the observed behaviour of bituminous materials. In order to make calculation the Finite Element software is then used in a third step, with the previous material model. Detailed hypotheses to perform the simulation of a rolling wheel on the pavement structure are explained. Results of the simulation are presented in terms of dissipated energy inside the pavement for a 40 ton truck. To give an order of magnitude, an estimation of the fuel consumption excess is given. Different temperature and vehicle speeds are considered. The Time Temperature Superposition Principle has been applied to estimate the dissipated energy at any temperature and vehicle speed. The simulation results show that energy dissipation in bituminous pavement due to the rolling weight of the considered 40 ton truck may induce a fuel consumption excess of a few percent for very unfavourable climatic conditions.
Highlights
Environmental aspects as well as sustainable development issue have become an important part of the decision-making processes for highway projects in many countries
In a world where petroleum becomes more and more rare and expensive and where policies to reduce greenhouse gases emissions tend to be put in place in many countries, the reduction of vehicle fuel consumption is of primary importance
We focus on the behaviour of the bituminous materials (PMA and asphalt concrete (AC))
Summary
Environmental aspects as well as sustainable development issue have become an important part of the decision-making processes for highway projects in many countries. – Evenness and texture ( referred as “pavement roughness” and mega-texture levels) of road surfaces (Fig. 1) have been proven to have a huge influence on vehicle fuel consumption (possible increase of 10% (Christophe et al 1993). Taking these aspects into consideration might result in an advantage in fuel consumption for asphalt pavements (Beuving et al 2004). In this paper a powerful method is proposed to calculate the dissipated viscous energy in pavements due to the viscoelastic behaviour of bituminous materials and to evaluate resulting fuel consumption excess. An original method based on the Time-Temperature Superposition Principle (TTSP) is proposed to determine viscous energy dissipation at any temperature and speed
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