Abstract
Breakdown voltage (BDV) is calculated for sphere and donut gaps, operating in air at atmospheric pressure. The calculation is based on the streamer breakdown criterion. Comsol software is used for field analysis and calculation of critical number of electrons by assessing integrals of the efficient ionization coefficient along field lines. Thus, also lengths of critical avalanches that can propagate from both electrodes were obtained. First, simulations were performed for sphere gaps to derive critical number of electrons for highly reliable experimental data. This assisted us in the second part of this work, which is a description of a spark gap formed by two donuts. Experimental results and comparison to calculated BDVs is reported. These two examples illustrate a simple and effective method of BDV calculation in arbitrary geometries with weakly non-uniform field for well-characterized gases at moderate pressures.
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