Abstract
Electromagnetic waves in a system with a space- and time-dependent boundary experience both diffraction and Doppler-like frequency conversion. In order to analyze such situations, conventional methods call for either the eigenmodes or the dyadic Green's function in space- and time-dependent media. Here, we propose a dynamical differential method which does not require either of them. Our method utilizes a dynamical coordinate transformation in order to simplify the calculation of the optical response of the space- and time-dependent system. We reveal that the diffraction symmetry is broken in the presence of traveling-wave-type spatiotemporal modulation.
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