Abstract
Various bone proteins and growth factors in specific concentrations are required for bone formation. If the body cannot produce sufficient quantities of these factors, bone trauma can be healed with an implant that includes the required factors in a carrier. This study was designed to evaluate various calcium salt candidates that can be used as carrier with reindeer bone protein extract to induce ectopic bone formation in the muscle pouch model of mouse. The bone protein extract was either impregnated into the disc form of carrier or mixed with carrier powder before implantation. The radiographic analysis indicated increased bone formation in all of the active groups containing the bone protein extract compared to the controls within 21 days follow-up. The highest bone formation was seen in the group with calcium sulfate with stearic acid where new bone and calcified cartilage were clearly visible. The greatest bone formation occurred in the groups that had bone protein extract readily available. This indicates that the bone forming factors in sufficient concentrations are required at the early stage of bone formation. The calcium sulfate with stearic acid was the most suitable and effective carrier for reindeer bone protein extract.
Highlights
Native bone contains growth and differentiation factors and signaling molecules, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) that are important for bone and cartilage regeneration [1,2]
As a treatment of bone fracture, added bone protein extract requires a suitable delivery system, or carrier, to prevent migration from the site of application with a gradual release that results in new bone formation
HAP is often combined with Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) to form a more resorbable and porous carrier with a greater degree of bone formation
Summary
Native bone contains growth and differentiation factors and signaling molecules, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) that are important for bone and cartilage regeneration [1,2]. Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) has been shown to be a useful carrier for recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) [7,8,9]. HAP is often combined with TCP to form a more resorbable and porous carrier with a greater degree of bone formation. This combination of calcium phosphates has been used as a carrier for rhBMPs and DBM [5,12]. This study was designed to evaluate the inorganic scaffolding components that can be used as carrier of reindeer bone extract in a mouse muscle pouch model of induced ectopic bone formation. Histological and radiographic assessments were used to determine implant responses and the potential bone formation 21 days following implantation
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