Calcium Phosphate-Loaded Novel Polypropylene Glycol-Based Dental Resin Composites: Evaluation of In Vitro Bioactivity

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to assess in vitro bioactivity of novel remineralizing dental composites loaded with calcium phosphate fillers and chlorhexidine in polypropylene glycol (PPG) resin matrix. Methods: The stock monomer was prepared by adding 69.75% urethane dimethacrylate and 23.25% of the polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate with silica fillers, chlorhexidine (5 wt%), and varying levels of calcium phosphate fillers. The study groups were BC (basic composite), commercial control, CHX-CP5, CHX-CP10, and CHX-CP15, respectively. Bioactivity was assessed by placing samples in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7, 14, and 28 days and observed under the scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Data were presented in mean and percentage with a 95% confidence interval. Intergroup analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and the p-value was set ≤0.05. Results: The SEM images showed the deposition of calcium phosphate on the surface of CHX-CP10 and CHX-CP15 after 28 days in SBF. Mineral deposits of calcium and phosphate were observed on the surface of the experimental formulation containing higher calcium phosphate fillers (CP10 and CP15) in EDX. Conclusion: The addition of calcium phosphate fillers to the composites resulted in an apatite layer formed and demonstrated enhanced bioactivity in the presence of PPGDMA and CHX.