Enhanced Osteogenicity of Bioactive Composites with Biomimetic Treatment

Teemu Tirri,Minna Malin,Ville V Meretoja,Timo O Närhi,Jukka V Seppälä

doi:10.1155/2014/207676

Teemu Tirri, Minna Malin + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/207676

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Abstract

Purpose. This study aimed to explore if initiation of biomimetic apatite nucleation can be used to enhance osteoblast response to biodegradable tissue regeneration composite membranes. Materials and Methods. Bioactive thermoplastic composites consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone/DL-lactide) and bioactive glass (BAG) were prepared at different stages of biomimetic calcium phosphate deposition by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). The modulation of the BAG dissolution and the osteogenic response of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were analyzed. Results. SBF treatment resulted in a gradual calcium phosphate deposition on the composites and decreased BAG reactivity in the subsequent cell cultures. Untreated composites and composites covered by thick calcium phosphate layer (14 days in SBF) expedited MSC mineralization in comparison to neat polymers without BAG, whereas other osteogenic markers—alkaline phosphatase activity, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin expression—were initially decreased. In contrast, surfaces with only small calcium phosphate aggregates (five days in SBF) had similar early response than neat polymers but still demonstrated enhanced mineralization. Conclusion. A short biomimetic treatment enhances osteoblast response to bioactive composite membranes.

Highlights

Bioactive glasses (BAGs) are a group of silica-based materials used as bone substitutes, typically in the form of powders and rigid monoliths
Bioactive thermoplastic composites consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone/DL-lactide) and bioactive glass (BAG) were prepared at different stages of biomimetic calcium phosphate deposition by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF)
Untreated composites and composites covered by thick calcium phosphate layer (14 days in SBF) expedited mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mineralization in comparison to neat polymers without BAG, whereas other osteogenic markers—alkaline phosphatase activity, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin expression—were initially decreased

Summary

Introduction

Bioactive glasses (BAGs) are a group of silica-based materials used as bone substitutes, typically in the form of powders and rigid monoliths Regardless of their specific composition, BAGs form an apatite-like surface layer in physiological conditions, which is the prerequisite for their bone bonding ability [1]. Synthetic polymer BAG composite materials may achieve beneficial handling and mechanical properties, increasing the range of possible clinical applications. Both biodegradable and nondegradable bioactive composites have been developed, for example, tissue engineering scaffolds [5], bone cements [6], and even load-bearing implants [7]

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