Calcium diglyceroxide as a catalyst for biodiesel production

Abstract

Calcium diglyceroxide (CaD) was used as the catalyst for biodiesel production through oil methanolysis. It was evaluated its catalytic behavior, its air expo- sure tolerance, and the Ca leaching. CaD catalyst was synthesized from food waste scallop shell derived CaO (obtained by calcination at 900 °C) by contacting with a mixture of equal volumes of glycerin and methanol at 65 °C for 2 h. The CaO obtained by calcination of scallop shell was used as reference catalyst. In standard reaction conditions (2.5 h, methanol reflux temperature, 5 wt% (oil basis) catalyst loading, and methanol:oil = 12:1 moral ratio), CaD presented lower catalytic activity than CaO (FAME yield of 92% against 99%, respectively). 24 h repined CaD presented improved catalytic behavior probably due to the formation of surface Ca −OH groups, achieving 96% of FAME yield. Thermogravimetry (TG) data showed that inorganic residue was larger for biodiesel than for glycerin, being CaD catalyst more soluble than CaO. Data showed that CaD is unstable under reaction conditions, suffering leaching, but the absence of Matter Organic Non-Glycerol (MONG) in the glycerin phase allows to neglect the homogeneous contribution of the leached catalyst. CaD formation during reaction contributes to FAME contamination with Ca and promotes catalyst deactivation thus being an undesired occurrence.