Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-associated death among women worldwide. Each year, more than one million new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed worldwide, and an estimated 370,000 women die from breast cancer (1, 2). Ca2+ as an important nutrient from dairy products functions as an important signalling messenger from the beginning to the end of our life, and plays a critical role in many physiological processes such as gene transcription, cell growth, proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis (3-11). Many of these processes are associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and signaling causes many human diseases, including mammary gland pathophysiology and breast cancer (3, 4, 5 and 9).
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