Calcineurin mediates the inhibitory effects of TNF on NKCC2 phosphorylation

Abstract

We previously showed that TNF inhibits NKCC2 activity and phosphorylation along the TAL, however, the mechanism has not yet been defined. As calcineurin (CN) activity in synoviocytes was increased by proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF, we tested the hypothesis that induction of CN activity and expression of CN isoforms is part of a pathway by which TNF inhibits NKCC2 phosphorylation. In this study, we found that CN activity increased by approximately 2-fold in primary cultures of medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) cells that were maintained at 37oC/5%CO2 then challenged with mouse recombinant TNF (1 nM) for 60 min. Similarly, TNF induced a 3-fold increase in CN activity when mTAL cells were exposed to hypertonic media (400 mOsm/Kg H2O), an effect that was prevented by cyclosporine A (CsA). In contrast, silencing TNF production in mTAL cells using lentivirus (U6-TNF-ex4) significantly reduced CN activity by approximately 56% in cells exposed to 400 mOsm/Kg H2O for 1 h. CN activity also was inhibited in cells pretreated with CsA for 30 min followed by incubation in 400 mOsm/Kg H2O. Our data indicate that NKCC2 phosphorylation was significantly decreased in cultured mTAL cells challenged with TNF (1 nM) for 4 hr while inhibition of CN activity with CsA increased pNKCC2 expression. Analysis of qRT-PCR experiments showed that mTAL cells express the calcineurin A subunit (CNA) isoforms a (Sequence ID: NM_001293622.1) and b (sequence ID: NM_001310426.1). However, only the mRNA abundance of the CNAb isoform increased when mTAL cells were incubated with TNF (1 nM) for 4 hr under NS or HS (400 mOsm/Kg H2O) conditions as TNF had no effect on the a isoform of CNA. In vivo, both TNF and CNAb expression increased in outer medulla (OM) from mice given 1% NaCl in the drinking water (HS) for 7 days while intrarenal silencing of TNF with the U6-TNF-ex4 lentivirus reduced expression of CNAb under NS or HS conditions. Similarly, intrarenal injection of a lentivirus construct that specifically silenced CNAb in the kidney (U6-CNAb-ex6) reduced expression of CNAb in mice ingesting HS for 7 days. Interestingly, co-administration of U6-CNAb-ex6 with U6-TNF-ex4 increased pNKCC2 expression by approximately 63% in the OM from mice compared with silencing of TNF alone. Collectively, these data are the first to demonstrate that TNF increases CN activity as well as specific isoform expression in the kidney. Since NKCC2 has been identified as a target of the CNAb isoform, which is increased by TNF, these data demonstrate that a calcineurin-dependent signaling pathway is part of the mechanism by which TNF inhibits the phosphorylation of NKCC2. NIH grants R01 HL133077 and HL153525. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.