Abstract
To elucidate the chemical compositions of the aerial parts of Chrysanthemum coronarium L., the ethanol extracts of Ch. coronarium L. were firstly isolated by the MCI-gel resin column. The caffeoylquinic acid-rich fractions were further purified by various chromatographic columns including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC to yield the compounds. The purified compounds were characterized by 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR), 13C-NMR, and high resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectral (HR-ESI-MS) spectroscopy. Seven caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) compounds were isolated from this plant. Their structures were clarified by spectrometric methods and identified as 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (1), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (2), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4), 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (6), and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (7). Caffeoylquinic acids were the major constituents present in the aerial parts of Ch. coronarium L. All of the isolates except for compounds 2 and 6 were reported for the first time from this species. Moreover, compounds 3–5, and 7 were identified from the Chrysanthemum genus for the first time.
Highlights
Chrysanthemum coronarium L., commonly known as “Tonghao”, is used as an edible vegetable and medicinal plant, and belongs to the genus of Chrysanthemum (Compositae) [1]
The results have shown that flavonoids [2], phenolic acids [3], sesquiterpene lactone [4], monoterpene [5], diterpene [6], glycosyldiglycerides [7], alkaloid [8], phytosterol [9], heterocyclic compounds [8], polyacetylenes [9], and essential oils [10,11] were the major chemical constituents present in the plant
Has shown a variety of biological activities including the elimination of phlegm, plant allelopathy, nematicidal activity, cytotoxic activity, antioxidant and free radical scavenging, insect antifeedant, hepatic protection, and antimicrobial properties [1]
Summary
Chrysanthemum coronarium L., commonly known as “Tonghao”, is used as an edible vegetable and medicinal plant, and belongs to the genus of Chrysanthemum (Compositae) [1]. Ch. coronarium L. has shown a variety of biological activities including the elimination of phlegm, plant allelopathy, nematicidal activity, cytotoxic activity, antioxidant and free radical scavenging, insect antifeedant, hepatic protection, and antimicrobial properties [1]. Flavonoids and phenolic acids are responsible for the plant allelopathy and antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities [3]; polyacetylenes and essential oil are responsible for the insect antifeedant [12] and antimicrobial activities [10]; and terpene, in particular sesquiterpene lactone, is responsible for the cytotoxic [13] and antimicrobial activities [6]. Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are cinnamate conjugates, which are biosynthesized through the phenylpropanoid pathway
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