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Abstract
BackgroundCitrus macroptera has been used as a culinary fruit and medicinal plant in traditional medicine system in Bangladesh. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of phenolic compounds in Citrus macroptera peel powder and the protective effect of Citrus macroptera against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in rats.MethodsThe hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters such as liver marker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and oxidative stress parameters. Histopathological changes in the liver of different groups were also studied.ResultsAdministration of CCl4 increased the serum ALT, AST, ALP enzymatic activities and lipid peroxidation products but decreased the cellular antioxidant activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in rats which were brought back to near normal levels by the treatment with Citrus macroptera. Citrus macroptera administration has also shown to decrease the necrotic zones, fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in CCl4 treated rats. HPLC-DAD analysis of Citrus macroptera extract showed the great presence of caffeic acid and (−) epicatechin.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that Citrus macroptera exerts hepatoprotective activity via promoting the antioxidant defense against CCl4-induced oxidative liver damage.
Highlights
Citrus macroptera has been used as a culinary fruit and medicinal plant in traditional medicine system in Bangladesh
Food, and water intake Body weight of each rat was recorded every day during the experiment, and % change was calculated for all groups
It was found that the body weight decreased significantly in Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated rat group, which is a typical feature of chronic liver intoxication
Summary
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of phenolic compounds in Citrus macroptera peel powder and the protective effect of Citrus macroptera against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)induced liver injury in rats. Liver damage is characterized by a progressive development of steatosis to chronic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma [1, 2]. Oxidative stress plays a central role in the development of liver diseases. The metabolism of CCl4 occurs mainly in the liver by CYP450 enzyme system into trichloromethyl (CCl3) and peroxy trichloromethyl (OOCCl3) free radicals which have been reported to cause hepatotoxic effects, like fibrosis, steatosis, necrosis, and hepatocarcinoma [3, 5]. Liver fibrosis is a dynamic process where oxidative stresses are responsible for the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) [6]. HSCs are the major cell types responsible for the deposition of a large amount of extracellular matrix
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