Cadmium-induced oxidative damage and antioxidative defense mechanisms in Vigna mungo L.

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms were analyzed in roots and leaves of Vigna mungo L. Seeds were germinated in perlite-vermiculite and irrigated with Hoagland nutrient solution. At day 6, seedlings were exposed to 40 μM Cd under semi-hydroponic conditions for a period of 12 days. Growth anomalies and abnormal chromatin condensation were observed in Cd-treated plants, in comparison with control ones. Cd accumulation was observed in roots of treated plants. The analyses of antioxidative defense and oxidative parameters in roots, stems and leaves showed different tissue-specific responses. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPx) activities and the level of lipid peroxidation (MDA content) decreased in roots. However, they increased in leaves. Catalase activity and chlorophyll content, on the other hand, decreased over exposure to Cd stress. Total glutathione, non-protein thiols, reduced glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins increased significantly, while oxidized glutathione (GSSG) decreased, as compared with control plants. The present data suggest that the presence of Cd in soil and water can cause oxidative damage that may be detrimental for optimum production of nutritional mung.