Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution of rice grain or soil is of increasing concern. This study investigates the concentrations of Cd in soil-rice system in parts area of Zhejiang province and analysis the effects of soil pH and organic matter content on the available Cd concentration in soil and the Cd accumulation of rice grain. The results showed that Cd concentrations in 90 rice grain samples range from 0.01 to 0.31 mg/kg, with an average of 0.1 mg/kg. There is high Cd accumulation in soil that 40% of soil samples were polluted by Cd. The available Cd concentrations in soils had a range of 0.01-0.25 mg/kg, with an average of 0.10 mg/kg. The total Cd concentrations in soil were not the uniquely determined factor for the Cd accumulation of rice grain, Cd concentrations in rice grain were also significantly positive correlated with the available Cd concentrations in soil. The soil pH value and SOM also negatively correlated with available Cd concentrations in soils and Cd concentration in corresponding rice grain. The results indicated the variations of Cd concentration in rice grain were related to Cd concentrations in corresponding soils. Also, soil pH and organic matter content influence the Cd concentrations in soils and affected Cd absorption in rice.
Highlights
Cadmium (Cd) is regarded as one of the nonessential and toxic trace element in the environment and with no known benefit to plants, animals or humans (Järup and Akesson, 2009; Wang et al, 2013a)
Our results showed that the soil was not polluted by Cd, but that the concentrations of Cd exceeded the threshold values in rice grain; this may be related to sewage water irrigation to the soil surface, Cd deposition from the air and the variety of rice being cultivated (Chung et al, 2011; Feng et al, 2011; Luo et al, 2011)
We found the Cd concentrations in rice grain were significantly positive correlated with the available Cd concentrations in soil
Summary
Cadmium (Cd) is regarded as one of the nonessential and toxic trace element in the environment and with no known benefit to plants, animals or humans (Järup and Akesson, 2009; Wang et al, 2013a). The Cd pollution in the edible parts of rice grains and rice products has become increasingly serious in some parts of China (Fang et al, 2014; Zhu et al, 2008; Huang et al, 2009; Hang et al, 2009). Zhen et al (2008) discovered that 10% of commercially available rice grain in China had excessive levels of Cd. Soils are the main source of Cd available to plants, which can become the main source of Cd in plant-derived foods in human diets (Liu et al, 2007).
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