Abstract
Abstract ‘Market Prize’ cabbage seedlings were transplanted into plots 4 rows wide by 25 ft long, 15 plants/row, at the Vegetable Crops Farm in Champaign. Bond adjuvant was used except with the USDA products, Ambush, and untreated check. Treatments were applied with 3 hollow cone nozzles (TXSS-8)/row from a 4-row sprayer delivering 30.8 gal/acre (USDA products at 20.4 gal/acre) at 50 psi and 2 mph. Plots were sprayed 30 Jun and 6, 13, 24, and 31 Jul, but bioassays were done only in association with the final application. Bioassays were initiated 31 Jul (0 DAT, 2 h after application) 3 Aug (3 DAT), and 5 Aug (5 DAT). In each bioassay, single 2-square-inch pieces from 3 frame leaves/treatment were placed in a glass petri dish containing moistened filter paper and 5 larvae (mostly third instars, from a 1988 colony from southwestern Illinois). Treatments were replicated 5 times for a total of 25 larvae/treatment. Replicates were held at 80 ° 2°F and 16L:8D. Mortality (no movement following gentle probing) was assessed at 24-h intervals for 72 h
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