Abstract
Introduction: C-reactive Protein (CRP) as an inflammatory biomarker can be easily determined in saliva, but the values of salivary CRP in periodontitis are not well-studied. The aim of this study was to analyze and determine the values of salivary CRP in non-smokers with periodontitis stage 3 or 4 before and after supragingival and subgingival full-mouth periodontal therapy.Methods: Standard periodontal parameters and saliva samples were collected in 12 non-smoking patients. Patients in the test group (n = 6) underwent supragingival and subgingival full-mouth periodontal therapy, and the control group (n = 6) received only supragingival full-mouth therapy. Both groups received the same oral hygiene instructions in addition to therapy. After 3 months, re-registration of periodontal parameters and re-sampling of saliva for analysis of salivary CRP were done for both groups.Results: Statistical analysis revealed large differences in the values of clinical periodontal parameters and CRP levels in the test group after therapy. Values of salivary CRP in the test and control groups were lower 3 months the therapy; however, the results were not statistically significant. The correlation of clinical periodontal parameters and salivary CRP varied in both groups.Conclusion: Our pilot study reveals decreased concentrations of salivary C-reactive protein in non-smoking patients following non-surgical periodontal therapy. Further studies are needed to prove the reliability of salivary CRP as a biomarker for periodontitis.
Highlights
C-reactive Protein (CRP) as an inflammatory biomarker can be determined in saliva, but the values of salivary CRP in periodontitis are not well-studied
Recent studies using the serum and salivary biomarker Galectin-3 have confirmed the link between periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CHD) [8], and the results showed that patients with periodontitis and a group of patients with periodontitis and CHD had significantly higher levels of Galectin-3 in serum and saliva compared to patients with CHD and a healthy control group
Baseline values of clinical parameters showed higher values compared to the values after 3 months, and a statistically significant difference was found for probing depth (PD) and full mouth bleeding score (FMBS) in the test group (Table 1)
Summary
C-reactive Protein (CRP) as an inflammatory biomarker can be determined in saliva, but the values of salivary CRP in periodontitis are not well-studied. The aim of this study was to analyze and determine the values of salivary CRP in non-smokers with periodontitis stage 3 or 4 before and after supragingival and subgingival full-mouth periodontal therapy. It is well known that periodontitis causes an inflammatory response and inflammatory parameters such as cytokines, interleukins, and C-reactive protein (CRP) can be found in elevated concentrations in serum, gingival tissue, sulcus, and saliva [2]. When the periodontal disease develops, bacteria as well as mediators of the inflammatory response including cytokines and prostaglandins, enter the systemic circulation where proteins of acute inflammatory reaction, such as CRP, fibrinogen, and haptoglobin, are considered biomarkers of systemic inflammatory diseases [3]. Recent studies using the serum and salivary biomarker Galectin-3 have confirmed the link between periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CHD) [8], and the results showed that patients with periodontitis and a group of patients with periodontitis and CHD had significantly higher levels of Galectin-3 in serum and saliva compared to patients with CHD and a healthy control group
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