Cинтез підвіски автотранспортних засобів

Abstract

Abstract. In order to create progressive structures of car shock absorbers that would provide increased driving comfort and safety due to the absorption of shocks and vibrations that occur while driving on the road, we carried out their structural-schematic synthesis by the method of hierarchical groups with the help of morphological analysis. For this, the method of hierarchical grouping using morphological analysis was used and six basic types of suspension with original types of shock absorbers (hydraulic, hydropneumatic, pneumatic, magnetofluid, hydrovacuum and pneumovacuum type) were obtained. At the same time, the following basic morphological design features and elements were highlighted: a) depreciation principle, which includes the following features: type of depreciation principle; type of cushioning substance; hydraulic fluid flow holes in the piston (their area and number); number of cameras; location of cameras; the number of electromagnetic coils; b) a type of elastic element consisting of two main features, namely a spring, the structural features of which include the following features: construction; geometric section; rigidity; directionality; number; Location; and a pneumatic cylinder, the structural features of which include the following: geometric parameters; manageability (adaptability); construction; filling; rigidity; c) damping element, which includes the following features: location; number; material; combination; structural parameters. The total number of basic generated vehicle suspension options will be 167 options, and the number of base options depending on the type of damping principle will range from 96 to 148 options. Thus, when generating the constructions of individual types of suspension of a motor vehicle with the main types of designed shock absorbers, the design features and elements from the morphological table were divided according to each type of shock absorbers, which made it possible to generate the corresponding number of their basic variants. In particular, the number of basic variants of the hydraulic type car suspension is 130 units, hydropneumatic type - 148 units, pneumatic type - 96 units, magnetofluid type - 133 units, hydrovacuum type - 130 units and pneumovacuum type - 96 units. USING this synthesis method, we developed and researched structures of hydropneumatic shock absorbers with an active pneumatic cylinder and damping elements, which, compared to traditional racks, had high adaptability and vibration resistance. It was experimentally proven that the developed shock absorbers with an active pneumatic cylinder and damping elements act as vibration dampers to a large extent.