Burgâzî Fütüvvetmâmesi’ne Göre Hikâyelerle Ahlâkî Eğitim

Abstract

Futuwwa means generosity, heroism, and youth. Futuwwat-nāma is the common name of the works that provide information about the rules and etiquette of futuwwa. Futuwwa, which had a mystical meaning at the beginning, has transformed into an economic, political, and social structure since the 13th century. This situation has increased the value of the futuwwat-nāmas, which are accepted as the constitution of the futuwwa. Futuwwat-nāmas are important in presenting a moral method that can be a source for today's education and society structure. In futuwwat-nāmas, the value of morality is emphasized in various stories. It is known that stories provide easy and permanent learning by concretizing abstract concepts. This paper, it is aimed to reveal one of the methods followed by the futuwwat-nāmas regarding moral education, based on the copy of the futuwwat-nāma of Burgāzī numbered 5481 registered in the Beyazıt Library. It is displayed that the book, whose subject focused on moral education through stories, claimed that the stories in the work have a decisive effect on moral education. Although there are studies on moral education with stories in the literature, it is thought that the futuwwat-nāmas, which are accepted as a reference source for the regulation of the Akhism and raising virtuous people, do not receive enough attention. In this respect, the Futuwwat-nāma of Burgāzī one of the first Turkish futuwwat-nāmas, which was written in the 13th century during the Anatolian Seljuk period, has been chosen. This study is important in presenting a moral model that can contribute to today's society and education system. In this study, qualitative and descriptive research methods were employed. Furthermore, chosen materials related to the subject investigated and were handled through the document analysis technique. During the study, the stories in futuwwat-nāma of Burgāzī were disclosed. The stories discussed in regard to the elements of the moral education model, along with the findings about its method, principles, target audience, purpose, and content, were provided. The study concluded that the teachings in futuwwat-nāma of Burgāzī offered a useful moral education method and were used as an effective method in raising people with virtuous qualities. In the stories in the futuwwat-nāma, it has been seen that the principle of educational values which were adopted hereby are suitable for everyone. The stories about the effects of good and bad morals on society and people are like a road map of how to achieve peace and trust through moral development. In the futuwwat-nāma, which is discussed, stories about moral values are given under the name of parable-story, especially the tale of the Qur'an based on Ashab al-Kahf and Yusuf's tale. In the work, short explanations about the stories are made, but the final interpretation is left to the reader to take a share of the story. It is thought that the model of raising virtuous people through the stories, which is considered an important element in the futuwwat-nāma of Burgāzī, can be applied effectively today. Re-interpreting this method from today's point of view and bringing it to life will benefit humanity. This paper is expected to contribute to the literature, and it is recommended that more comprehensive studies be carried out on the subject.