Burden of metabolic syndrome in patients with acute myocardial infarction and its impact on hospital outcomes

Abstract

Background: Sparse data are available from India regarding the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on hospital outcomes in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the burden of MetS in patients with AMI and its impact on the hospital outcomes. Methods: This single-centre, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in the medicine and cardiology intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, Maharashtra, in patients presenting with AMI. Results: Among the 210 patients (mean age: 56.5 ± 5.2 years; 67.1% males) with AMI studied, 101 (48.1%) fulfilled the criteria for MetS. No significant difference was seen in the age (P = 0.70) and gender (P = 0.55) in patients with and without MetS. Anterior wall was the most common site of infarction; heart failure was the most common complication in both the groups. Case fatality was significantly higher in patients with MetS (P = 0.003). Heart failure was the most common complication in all non-survivors. The duration of hospital stay was significantly longer (P < 0.0001) in patients with MetS. Conclusions: We observed that MetS was evident in almost half (48.1%) of the patients presenting with AMI. The presence of MetS significantly increased the risk of complications, fatality and duration of hospital stay in patients with AMI.