Burden and Predictors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Developing Country

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is being recognized as a global public health problem. It is a major non-communicable disease with the global prevalence varying between 10.5% and 13.1%. Diabetes and hypertension appear to be the leading causes of chronic kidney disease worldwide. An institution based cross-sectional study was undertaken from Oct 20, 2018 to Nov 20, 2019 G.C. Data was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire designed to meet the study objective. After describing variables, logistic regression was conducted to identify independent associated factors of CKD. Statistical significance was declared at P<0.05. Of the 450 studied patients, 260(57.8%) were males and more than half (54.2%) were between ages of 25 to 40 years. The prevalence of CKD among patients admitted to medical ward was 17.3% (95% CI 13 - 29.9) and 14.4% (95 % CI 6.2 – 12.3) by Cockcroft Gault and MDRD equations, respectively and majority (61.5%) of them were stage 5. Hypertension (AOR= 7.8 95%CI 4.1, 14.9), history of recurrent urinary tract infection (AOR= 3.5 95% CI 1.1, 7.3) and history of using nephrotoxic drugs (AOR=3.4 95% CI 2, 9.3) were significantly associated with CKD. The burden of CKD among patients in a medical inpatient unit was high and majority of the patients present late. Hypertension, use of nephrotoxic agents and recurrent urinary tract infections were found to be important predictors.