Abstract
A new method is devised to predict the development of turbulent buoyant jets discharged to infinite, quiescent, stratified ambients. The method uses the integral conservation equations of mass, energy, tangential momentum, and vertical momentum. The integrals involving velocity and density are defined with Gaussian profiles. A new entrainment function is derived using the mechanical energy integral equation in conjunction with the preceding equations. This new entrainment function includes the effects of buoyancy and jet orientation. The two entrainment coefficients are defined with measurements of the simple momentum jet and simple plume only. Predictions obtained with this method are compared with experimental data for vertical and nonvertical buoyant jets discharged to uniform and stratified ambients. Finally, a series of figures is presented from which one can determine the maximum height of rise for different values of jet discharge angle, Froude number, and stratification parameter.
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