Bulk Rashba effect in multiferroics: A theoretical prediction for BiCoO3

Abstract

We put forward the concept of a bulk Rashba effect emerging in a multiferroic material, such as an antiferromagnetic system with a polar crystal structure. According to symmetry considerations, while time-reversal and space-inversion symmetries are both broken, there exist specific spin flipping operations that relate opposite spin sites in the magnetic crystal structure. As a consequence, at certain high-symmetry points in the momentum space, the magnetic point group allows the spin angular momentum to be locked to the linear momentum, a typical feature of the Rashba effect. In such a case, spin-splitting effects induced by spin-orbit coupling can arise, similar to what happens in nonmagnetic Rashba systems. As a prototypical example, ab initio calculations of antiferromagnetic ${\mathrm{BiCoO}}_{3}$ in the polar structure reveal that a large Rashba-like band and spin splitting occurs at the conduction-band bottom, having a large weight from $\mathrm{Bi}\ensuremath{-}p$ orbital states. Moreover, we show that the spin texture of such a multiferroic can be modulated by applying a magnetic field. In particular, an external in-plane magnetic field is predicted not only to induce spin canting, but also a distortion of the energy isocontours and a shift of the spin vortex (centered on the high-symmetry point and characteristic of Rashba effect) along a direction perpendicular to the applied field.