Bulk Process for Enrichment of Capsinoids from Capsicum Fruit

Charles L Cantrell,Robert L Jarret

doi:10.3390/pr10020305

Charles L Cantrell, Robert L Jarret

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https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10020305

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Various methods to synthesize capsinoids (the nonpungent analogs of capsaicinoids) from precursor molecules have been reported. Capsinoids are also naturally present, at typically low concentrations, in the fruit of many Capsicum species and genotypes. However, they are also present in the fruit of select genotypes at high concentrations. The fruit of high-capsiate genotypes represents a commercial source of these compounds. To date, no method has been published that efficiently extracts and purifies capsinoids from Capsicum fruit in a rapid and simple bulk process. This study evaluated the efficacy of various organic solvents for the extraction of capsinoids from dried Capsicum annuum fruit. Among the organic solvents evaluated, pentane appeared to provide a good combination of both recovery and purity. A subsequent liquid/liquid extraction step, utilizing pentane and acetonitrile, resulted in 26.3% (wt/wt) capsiate and 19.4% (wt/wt) dihydrocapsiate for a combined capsinoids yield of 45.7% (wt/wt). A third step, involving a rapid hp20ss chromatography column using a water/acetonitrile gradient, resulted in a combined capsinoids yield of 96.6% (wt/wt).

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Bulk Process for Enrichment of Capsinoids, the non-pungent analogs of capsaicinoids, were first identified in fruit of the sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivar CH-19 by Kobata et al [1] (Figure 1)
An experiment consisting of a series of liquid extractions of dried powdered fruit with solvents from a range of polarities indicated which solvents provided good recovery and purity of capsiate and dihydrocapsiate in the resulting extracts
Ethyl acetate provided the highest recovery of dihydrocapsiate (1.6 mg from 1 g of dried fruit), but it was not significantly different than hexane, ethyl acetate, pentane, and heptane with values ranging from 1.2 to 1.3 mg

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Introduction

Bulk Process for Enrichment of Capsinoids, the non-pungent analogs of capsaicinoids, were first identified in fruit of the sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivar CH-19 by Kobata et al [1] (Figure 1). Numerous subsequent studies have reported that many (but not all) of the types and degrees of biological activity characteristic of capsaicinoids are characteristic of capsinoids [2], albeit with fewer of the adverse side effects associated with pungency [3,4]. The thermogenic and metabolic effects of capsinoids have been noted as supportive of their potential role as an adjunct weight loss aid [12,13,14]. Macho et al [15] noted the powerful chemopreventitive properties of nor-dihydrocapsiate. These and other reports on the properties of capsinoids suggest a potential for their pharmaceutical development [15]

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