Abstract
Management of illness through medication is entering a new era in which growing number of novel drug delivery systems are being employed and are available for therapeutic use. Pharmaceutical research and development is currently focused on the development of drug delivery systems to target a drug to the desired organ or site with the aim of minimizing its overall distribution in the body. The oral mucosa has many properties which make it an attractive site for drug delivery but simultaneously provide several problems for researchers for effective and efficient delivery of therapeutic active agents. However, with the development of novel delivery techniques overcome several challenges. Oral mucosa delivery has many advantageslike high blood flow, rapid recovery, prevention of hepatic first-pass effect and pre-systemic elimation in gastrointestinal tract. On the other hand relatively small surface area and significant loss of drug due to swallowing and salivary flow are main limitations of buccal delivery. Different formulations including sprays, tablets, mouthwashes, gels, pastes and patches are presently used for delivery into and/or across the oral mucosa. Over the last 20 years, a wide range of formulations has been developed for buccal drug delivery systems but unfortunately few have been accomplished to be a medicine. One of the main reasons of this unsuccessful result could be the lack of the standardized methods which evaluate in vitro performance of buccal dosage forms. Thus aim of this review, to discuss the potential of buccal drug delivery and buccal dosage forms and also explore recent studies and in vitro analysesmethodology of buccal dosage forms.
 Peer Review History: 
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 Received file 
 
 Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 4.5/10
 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
 Name: Robert Tungadi 
 Affiliation: State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia
 E-mail: rtungadi@yahoo.com
 
 Name: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby
 Affiliation: Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
 E-mail: sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com
 Comments of reviewer(s): 
 
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 BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A TOOL FOR THE EFFECTIVE DELIVERY OF PHARMACEUTICALS
Highlights
Management of illness through medication is entering a new era in which growing number of novel drug delivery systems are being employed and are available for therapeutic use
Buccal drug systems are thought to have great potential, and this review summarizes general information about buccal drug delivery systems and provides information about recent studies
Oral cavity Anatomical structure of oral cavity The oral cavity consists of the lips, cheeks, tongue, hard palate, soft palate and the base of the mouth, and its surface consists of oral mucosa
Summary
Drug research and development has been progressing in improving the quality of life of patients as well as contributing to the treatment of diseases[1,2]. Buccal dosage forms may be developed for systemic effect or for local treatment of the oral mucosa. For mucosal and transmucosal administration, conventional dosage forms cannot provide therapeutic drug levels in the mucosa and circulation due to the physiological nature of the oral cavity (the presence of saliva and the effect of mechanical stress). In order to achieve the desired therapeutic effect, it is important to increase the contact time between the formulation and the mucosa For this purpose, mucoadhesive buccal formulations are developed using mucoadhesive polymers. To develop an ideal mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery system, it is important to identify and understand the forces responsible for adhesive bond formation[24].There are three sites that are effective for the formation of adhesive bonds between the polymer and mucus: Surface of bioadhesive material
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