Abstract
The performance of the hydrogel scaffolds in controlled release or tissue engineering applications can be enhanced by inducing small voids uniformly into the matrix through fluidic arrangement. This paper discusses the generation of bubbles in biopolymers such as, alginate and chitosan by cross-flow of nitrogen in a T-joint. The capillaries of circular cross section made the T-joint. The bubble size distribution was obtained experimentally as a function of liquid to gas flow ratio. The importance of the confinement and the capillary number in the pinch-off process and the resulting diameter of the bubble are discussed. A mathematical model of bubble pinch-off from a geometry-driven collapse (squeeze mode) is developed here. As an alternative pinch-off mechanism, the Rayleigh–Plesset type instability at the neck of the dragged bubble (dripping mode) was also modeled. The transition from one mode of pinch-off to the other mode is discussed with reference to the capillary number and the confinement.
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