Abstract
The current animal health situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina requires the prioritization of diseases for the application of control measures. One of the diseases requiring high priority is brucellosis of ruminants. Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease and one of the most important zoonoses in the world. Brucellosis has been recognized during the past five decades as an important infectious disease in ruminants in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Control and eradication of brucellosis in animals is based on test and slaughter control policy. When the existing brucellosis control program was instituted, the veterinary and animal production sector was almost exclusively owned by the government, an arrangement that promoted compliance with the program and resulted in the successful control of the disease. This paper provides an overview of the current institutional and legislative framework for brucellosis control including the laboratory detection system and the epidemiological status of brucellosis in ruminants in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Relevant data were collected during the period spanning from the beginning of 2001 until the middle of 2007. Data we collected reveal an increase in the number of reported outbreaks in ruminants as well as a related increase in the number of human cases. This has brought serious consequences to public health, animal health and production and international trade.
Highlights
Brucellosis is an nfectious disease with a long history in the Mediterranean region ( )
Occurrence of brucellosis in ruminants in Bosnia and Herzegovina Data on brucellosis occurrence we collected indicate an increase in the number of established outbreaks in ruminants, especially sheep and goats, as well as a disturbing increase in the number of human cases (Figure )
The approach to control, prevention or eradication of brucellosis in a country or region will depend on many factors, such as the level of infection in the herds or flocks, type of husbandry, economic resources, public health impacts, and potential international trade implications
Summary
Brucellosis is an nfectious disease with a long history in the Mediterranean region ( ). Since disease is generally not transmissible from human to human ( , ), prevention of human cases generally depends on the control of the disease in animals ( ). In Spain, from to , fold decrease of brucellosis prevalence was recorded along with concurrent sharp decline in the number of reported human cases, what was direct result of the national ruminant brucellosis eradication program initiated in early -ties ( ). Brucellosis poses many challenges in designing effective surveillance system; the infection is chronic in both humans and animals, symptomatology and incubation periods are variable and microbiological confirmation is the only fully credible mean of final diagnosis. A government program designed in is currently in effect to control the disease. The aims of this paper are: to provide an overview of the currently applied brucellosis detection and control measures, to demonstrate the disease patterns based on available data collected for the last seven years, and to propose a surveillance strategy for disease control
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