Abstract
Padina sanctae-crucis Børgesen is distributed worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas; belongs to the Dictyotaceae family, and has proven to be an exceptional source of biologically active compounds. Four compounds were isolated and identified, namely: dolastane diterpene new for the genus Padina; phaeophytin and hidroxy-phaeophytin new for the family Dictyotaceae, and; mannitol first described in this species. Saturated fatty acids as compared to the percentages of unsaturated fatty acids were shown to be present in greater abundance. Palmitic and linolenic acid were the main saturated and unsaturated acids, respectively. Cytotoxic and antioxidant activities were evaluated using human erythrocytes. In vivo evaluations of acute toxicity and genotoxicity were performed in mice. Methanolic extract of P. sanctae-crucis presented antioxidant activity and did not induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity or acute toxicity. Since Padina sanctae-crucis is already used as food, has essential fatty acids for the nutrition of mammals, does not present toxicity and has antioxidant activity, it can be considered as a potential nutraceutical.
Highlights
The use of seaweed as food has strong roots in Asian countries such as China, Japan and the Republic of Korea, but demand for seaweed as food has spread to North America, South America, and Europe, as fresh or dried seaweed, or as an ingredient in prepared foods
Compound 1 presented as yellowish-white crystals; with a melting point in the range of 220–222 ◦ C
Absorptions between 2960 and 2920 cm−1 were related to methyl, methylene and methine groups; and absorptions between 1456 and 1425 cm−1 were related to carbon double bonds, which together with the absorption at 896 cm−1 suggested 1,1-disubstituted alkene group
Summary
The use of seaweed as food has strong roots in Asian countries such as China, Japan and the Republic of Korea, but demand for seaweed as food has spread to North America, South America, and Europe, as fresh or dried seaweed, or as an ingredient in prepared foods. It is an ingredient for the global food and cosmetics industries, and is used as fertilizer and as an animal feed additive. Mar. Drugs 2017, 15, 251; doi:10.3390/md15100251 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs.
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