Abstract
Broussonetia papyrifera (B.papyrifera), belonging to the Moraceae family, is known to elicit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anticancer, antinociceptive, and antimicrobial effects. The present study has been designed to examine the effects of B. papyrifera extract on hair growth through in vitro and clinical samples. Real-time cell growth assay, T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF/LEF), activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-6(STAT6) and STAT3 reporter gene function, and Western blotting was performed to examine whether B. papyrifera regulates the expression of target proteins implicated in the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla (hHFDP) cells. In this human trial, using a phototrichogram, the effect of B. papyrifera on hair growth was examined by reconstitution analysis after shaving the hair of the clinical subject’s dorsal skin. B. papyrifera promoted growth equally in hHFDP cells, which is comparable to that of minoxidil and tofacitinib. Treatment with B. papyrifera extract enhanced the TCF/LEF-luciferase activity and increased the level of β-catenin protein. Moreover, B. papyrifera extract significantly suppressed interleukin-4 (IL4)-induced STAT6 phosphorylation. In clinical trial, using a phototrichogram, we assessed the hair density and total hair counts at 0, 6, and 12 weeks after the use of hair tonic containing B. papyrifera extract. After using the hair tonic for 12 weeks, the total hair count was significantly increased as compared with the subjects at the start date (n = 11). B. papyrifera promotes dermal papilla cells proliferation in vitro and clinically among human volunteers through the regulation of WNT-β-catenin and STAT6 pathways.
Highlights
Hair loss imposes a significant psychosocial impact on one’s quality of life
The human hair follicle cycle consists of the anagen phase, the catagen phase, and the telogen phase
The anagen phase is the period of growth and the cells in the hair bulb undergo rapid cell division creating new hair
Summary
Diverse etiological factors can lead to progressive hair loss These include, but are not limited to, genetic predisposition, use of certain medications (e.g., chemotherapy and radiotherapy), hormonal imbalances, stress, and exposure to environmental pollutants. The hair follicles are transplanted directly [2,3], whereas the 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (e.g., finasteride) or peripheral vasodialator (e.g., minoxidil) is used as hair growth promoting medications clinically [4]. These medications have potential side effects associated with their effectiveness [5].
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