Abstract
We systematically conducted time-resolved photoluminescence measurements on La(Ga0.5Sc0.5)O3:Er,Ni,Nb to elucidate the dominant mechanism of Ni2+-sensitized Er3+ upconversion emission at approximately 0.98 µm under 1.0–1.45-µm excitation, which could significantly improve the conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells. After detailed analysis using rate equations describing the energy transfer involved in the Ni2+ and Er3+ and upconversion, we concluded that the upconversion emission is dominated by the excitation of two Er3+ emitters due to the resonance energy transfer from two Ni2+ sensitizers, followed by further excitation to the initial state of the upconversion emission caused by another energy transfer between the two first-excited Er3+, i.e., cooperative upconversion.
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