Brine shrimp lethality and cytotoxicity assay of Araucaria bidwillii Hook in human carcinoma cell lines

Abstract

The leaf extracts of Araucaria bidwillii Hook. (Araucariaceae) were evaluated for their cytotoxic effect in various human cancer cell lines. Preliminary investigation by brine shrimp lethality assay indicated that <TEX>$LC_{50}$</TEX> value of various successive extracts were found to be less than <TEX>$1000\;{\mu}g/ml$</TEX>, where the ethyl acetate extract showed maximum activity of less than <TEX>$100\;{\mu}g/ml$</TEX>. Further cytotoxic evaluation of various leaf extracts of Araucaria bidwilli Hook was carried out in four different human cancer cell lines-acute myeloblastic leukemia (HL-60), chronic myelogenic leukemia (K-562), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and cervical epithelial carcinoma (HeLa). Cytotoxicity was assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion method and 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazole-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. From the present investigation it was found that the ethyl acetate and methanol extract of Araucaria bidwilli Hook was found to be more effective in leukemic cell lines and was less effective in MCF-7 and HeLa. The <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> value of the ethyl acetate extract in leukemic cell lines was found to be <TEX>$28.18\;and\;34.64\;{\mu}g/ml$</TEX> and methanol extract was found to be <TEX>$33.11\;&\;39.81\;{\mu}g/ml$</TEX>. It can be concluded that various extract from the leaves of Araucaria bidwillii Hook. posses cytotoxic activity tested in brine shrimps and various human carcinoma cell lines.