Abstract
The mechanism and strength of polymer bridging flocculation have been investigated by experiments on a four-component clay−polymer−salt−water system consisting of butylammonium vermiculite, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), butylammonium chloride, and water. The system was studied by neutron diffraction as functions of the three concentration variables, the volume fraction r of the clay in the condensed matter system, the volume fraction v of the polymer, and the salt concentration c, and the molecular weight M of the PEO molecules. The highly conspicuous result obtained is that the addition of polymer brings about a contraction in the interplate distance between the parallel clay platelets only when the mean end-to-end distance l is greater than or equal to the interplate distance d0 in the corresponding three-component clay−salt−water system. With r, c, and v constant, d is independent of M, ruling out the depletion flocculation mechanism. Instead, the results confirm a new mechanism for bridging flocculation...
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