Abstract
Creation of productive and plastic varieties of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) resistant to adverse weather factors will improve the efficiency of grain production in conditions of low fertility of sodpodzolic soils in the Leningrad region in Russia. The purpose of the study was to determine the environmental plasticity and adaptation features of the new line of spring barley in comparison with the standards: Suzdalets variety (nutans variety) and Leningradsky variety (pallidum variety). The main abiotic stressors for spring barley plants are increased acidity and low supply with plant nutrients, drought followed with excess moisture at the end of the growing season. Field, laboratory, and statistical methods generally accepted for these studies were used in this work. Using the ecological plasticity index (Isp) and the generative to reproductive organs length ratio ds /dk simplifies the task of evaluating hybrids, lines, and varieties. Genotype-environment interaction is a complex process both in its nature and in intensity. The selection of promising variety samples is aimed at isolating genotypes for which the influence of this interaction is minimal. Of particular importance in the selection of spring barley is the creation of varieties with a genetically determined mechanism of protection against adverse environmental factors.
Highlights
Barley is one of the oldest agricultural crops
In the Russian Federation, 60 % of barley produced is used for feed purposes, as it is a good feed for livestock and poultry, containing the necessary nutrients
It is necessary to optimize the cultivation conditions of varieties taking into account soil and climatic characteristics and the use of highquality varietal seeds that provide high yields
Summary
Barley is one of the oldest agricultural crops. Modern crop production faces a difficult task: to ensure sustainable growth in agricultural production while reducing the level of anthropogenic impact on agrocenoses, as well as to produce high quality products that can withstand competition in a market economy [1]. The problem of increasing the yield of barley, as one of the most high-yielding crops, and improving the quality of grain in modern conditions has become much more acute and has become important for agricultural producers. The problem of early maturing varieties, reducing the growing season with increasing and maintaining the productivity – the main problem of agriculture NorthWest region of Russia. It is being solved in two directions: breeding and agrotechnical development. The main abiotic stressors for spring barley plants in the North-Western region are increased acidity and low fertility of sod-podzolic soil, drought at the initial stage, and excess moisture during the period of grain ripening.
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