СКРИНИНГ МИРОВОЙ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ ЗЕРНОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР В СРЕДНЕМ ПРИАМУРЬЕ С ЦЕЛЬЮ СОЗДАНИЯ СОРТОВ, ТОЛЕРАНТНЫХ К ИНФЕКЦИОННЫМ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМ

Abstract

The phytosanitary situation in the agro-biogeocenoses of the Middle Amur Region was considerably complicated due to noncompliance of the rules of crop rotation, oversaturation with a monoculture (soybean), instability of the hydrothermal regime, contributing to a large extent to the spread of a whole complex of diseases. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the gene pool of cereal crops for virulence to fungal diseases in the Middle Amur Region is particularly relevant. In this regard, the purpose of research is to screen the world collection of crops in the Middle Amur Region in order to create varieties that are tolerant to infectious diseases. Based on this, the main tasks of breeding work are to screen the world collection of cereals, isolate efficient sources and donors, and create new varieties and lines of grain crops with high resistance to the most harmful diseases. Over the past twenty years, screening of collection samples of grain crops for phytopathological resistance to fungal diseases and against a natural infectious background has been carried out on the experimental and specifically selected fields of the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture. The object of research is spring wheat, spring oats, spring barley. As a result of research, a decrease in the damage of varieties of grain crops by all types of rust diseases and helminthosporium patches was established. By repeated hybridization and individual selections with the inclusion of effective sources and donors, varieties that are resistant to infectious diseases were created: spring oats - Express, Tigroviy, Premier, Marshal; spring wheat - Khabarovsk, Zaryanka, Lira 98, Elizaveta, Priamurskaya; spring barley - Yerofey, Rus', Musson, Kazminsky. The new generation varieties were transferred to the State Varietal Testing - Cardinal oats, Anfeya wheat and Khabarovsk barley with high immunity to pathogens of various etiologies. New lines of spring wheat, oats and barley, combining high productivity with resistance to the local pathogenic complex of diseases, were identified. There are varieties of spring triticale with high resistance to infectious diseases - AC Certa (Canada), Lana (Belarus), Skory (Leningrad region), Lotos (Belarus), Mykola (Ukraine), Yarilo (Krasnodar region), Pamyat’ Merezhko (Vladimir region .).