Breast cancer diagnosis by mammography in Kazakhstan - staging results of breast cancer with double reading.

Eldar Beysebayev,Tylek Meymanalyev,Kazbek Tulebayev

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.1.31

Abstract

While mammography has been used for diagnosis of breast cancer in Kazakhstan for a long period, published data are very limited. Recently stress has been placed on increasing the accuracy by double reading of mammograms. Here we provide an overview of breast cancer screening in the different regions of Kazakhstan with data on the stages of cancers detected. A total 459,816 women aged 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 and 60 years were screened in 2012 and 379,903 in the first 9 months of 2013. Clear differences in levels of detection were noted between urban and rural residents, the latter demonstrating lower rates for both screening and cancer detection. Women aged 50 were more likely to undergo screening than their counterparts aged 60. While there were no clear relationships evident between screening rates and stage or numbers of breast cancers observed, this might be due to a number of complicating factors like geographical variation in risk factors as well as ethnicity. Future analyses should focus on the efficacy of mammography in Kazakhstan to reduce mortality.

Highlights

While mammography has been used for diagnosis of breast cancer in Kazakhstan for a long period, published data are very limited
While there were no clear relationships evident between screening rates and stage or numbers of breast cancers observed, this might be due to a number of complicating factors like geographical variation in risk factors as well as ethnicity
Breast cancer is of great improtance throughout Asia (Ferlay et al, 2013) including Central Asia, the incidence rate for example being recently found to be increasing in Kazakhstan (Bilyalova et al, 2011; Igissinov et al, 2011; 2012)

Summary

Introduction

Breast cancer is of great improtance throughout Asia (Ferlay et al, 2013) including Central Asia, the incidence rate for example being recently found to be increasing in Kazakhstan (Bilyalova et al, 2011; Igissinov et al, 2011; 2012). It has been stressed that clinical and public health interventions should be aimed at both women and healthcare providers to use mammography as a tool for early detection of breast cancer in Kazakhstan (Chukmaitov et al, 2008). While mammography screening is cost-effective in most Western countries, this may not be the case in Asian countrie sfor reasons of incidence rate or racial characteristics, such as dense breast tissue (Yoo et al, 2013). In Iran, despite no significant improvement in the cancer detection rate by double reading, a lower recall rate was thought to be a more helpful consequence (Moradi et al, 2013). Since very litimited information is available in the international literature regarding mammography screening in Kazakhstan, the present descritive study was performed to provide baseline data for more analytical analyses kin the future

Materials and Methods

Results

Different Age Groups for City and Village

The question of effects of screening on incidence

It is well known that ethnicity can affect breast