The Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Abstract

CA: A Cancer Journal for CliniciansVolume 27, Issue 4 p. 209-232 FeatureFree Access The diagnosis of breast cancer Henry Patrick Leis Jr. M.D., Henry Patrick Leis Jr. M.D. Clinical Professor of Surgery and Chief, Breast Surgery Service, New York Medical College-Flower and Fifth Avenue Hospitals, New York, New YorkSearch for more papers by this author Henry Patrick Leis Jr. M.D., Henry Patrick Leis Jr. M.D. Clinical Professor of Surgery and Chief, Breast Surgery Service, New York Medical College-Flower and Fifth Avenue Hospitals, New York, New YorkSearch for more papers by this author First published: July/August 1977 https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.27.4.209Citations: 9AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Gallager, H. S.; Leis, H. P., Jr.; Snyderman, R. K., and Urban, J. A.: The Breast. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Co. (in press). 2 Schottenfeld, D.: Epidemiology of breast cancer. Clin. Bull. 5: 135– 143, 1976. 3 Seidman, H.: Statistical and Epidemiological Data on Cancer of the Breast. American Cancer Society, New York, 1972. 4 Silverberg, E., and Holleb, A. I.: Cancer statistics 1975—twenty-five year cancer survey. CA 25: 2– 20, 1975. 5 Leis, H. P., Jr.: Risk factors in breast cancer. AORN Jour. 22: 723, 1975. 6 Leis, H. P., Jr., and Raciti, A.: The search for the high risk patient. In: B. A. Stoll (ed.): New Aspects of Cancer—Patients at High Risk. London: William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd., 1975, pp. 207– 225. 7 Leis, H. P., Jr.: Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Lesions. New York: Medical Examinations Publishing Co., 1970. 8 Leis, H. P., Jr.: Clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. J. Reprod. Med. 14: 231– 240, 1975. 9 Leis, H. P., Jr.: Evaluation of nipple discharge. In: H. S. Gallager (ed.): Early Breast Cancer—Detection and Treatment. London: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1975, pp. 69– 72. 10 Funderburk, W. W.; Rosero, E., and Leffall, L. D.: Breast lesions in blacks. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 135: 58– 60, 1972. 11 Nydick, M.; Bustos, J.; Dale, J. H., and Rawson, R. W.: Gynecomastia in adolescent boys. JAMA 178: 449– 454, 1961. 12 Dunn, J. E., Jr.: Epidemiology and possible identification of high-risk groups that could develop cancer of the breast. Cancer 23: 775– 780, 1969. 13 Leis, H. P., Jr.: Selective, elective, prophylactic contralateral simple mastectomy. Cancer 28: 956– 961, 1971. 14 Leis, H. P., Jr.: Primary cancer in the second breast. In: L. Severi (ed.): Multiple Primary Malignant Tumors. Monteluce, Italy: Division of Cancer Research, Perugia University Medical School Press, 1974, pp. 1197– 1207. 15 Leis, H. P., Jr.: Premalignant lesions of the breast. In: R. Snyderman (ed.): Problems of the Female Breast as Related to Neoplasms and Reconstruction. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Co., 1973, pp. 11– 23. 16 Leis, H. P., Jr.: Breast lesions with malignant transformation potential. In: Proceedings of the XIX European Federation Congress of the International College of Surgeons, Amsterdam, 1976. 17 Haagensen, C. D.: Diseases of the Breast. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1971. 18 Leis, H. P., Jr.; Pilnik, S., and Black, M. M.: Diagnosis of breast cancer. Hosp. Med. 10: 33– 65, 1974. 19 Preece, P. E. et al.: Clinical syndromes of mastalgia. Lancet 2: 670– 673, 1976. 20 Leis, H. P., Jr.; Pilnik, S.; Dursi, J., and Santoro, E.: Nipple discharge. Intern. Surg. 58: 162– 165, 1973. 21 Leis, H. P., Jr.; Pilnik, S., and Cammarata, A.: Clinical significance of nipple discharge. Female Patient 1: 22– 26, 1976. 22 Leis, H. P., Jr., and Pilnik, S.: Nipple discharge. Hosp Med. 6: 29– 54, 1970. 23 Holleb, A. I.; Freeman, H. P., and Farrow, J. H.: Cancer of the male breast. New York J. Med. 68: 544– 553 (Part 1); New York J. Med. 68: 656– 663 (Part 2), 1968. 24 Moss, N. H.: Cancer of the male breast. In: I. Ariel (ed.): Progress in Clinical Cancer. New York: Grune and Stratton, Inc., 1965. 25 Sartorius, O. W.: Breast Duct Cytology. 13th Annual Conference on Detection and Treatment of Early Breast Cancer. Amer. Coll. Rad., Orlando, Florida, 1974. 26 Byrd, B. F.: Standard Breast Examination. American Cancer Society, New York, 1974. 27 Griboff, S. I.: Modification of breast examination by simultaneous palpation. New York J. Med. 60: 3065– 3067, 1960. 28 Holleb, A. I.: The technique of breast examination. CA 16: 7, 1966. 29 Holleb, A. I.: The technique of breast examination. In: Breast Cancer: Early and Late. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., 1970. pp. 71– 75. 30 Holleb, A. I.: Women's attitudes regarding breast cancer: Results of the Gallup Poll. In: H. S. Gallager (ed.): Early Breast Cancer - Detection and Treatment, London: John Wiley and Sons, 1975. 31 American Cancer Society Booklets: (1) Breast Cancer … How Great is Your Risk? (2) How to Examine Your Breasts. 32 Egan, R. L.: Role of mammography in the early detection of breast cancer. Cancer. 24: 1197– 1200, 1969. 33 Gerson-Cohen, J., and Hermel, M. B.: Modalities in breast cancer detection: xeroradiography, mammography, thermography and mammometry. Cancer 24: 1226– 1230, 1969. 34 Holleb, A. I.: Restoring confidence in mammography. CA 26: 376– 378, 1976. 35 Martin, J. E., and Gallager, H. S.: Mammographic diagnosis of minimal breast cancer. Cancer 28: 1519– 1526, 1971. 36 Strax, P.: Results of mass screening for breast cancer in 50,000 examinations. Cancer 37: 30– 35, 1976. 37 Wolfe, J. N.: Risk for breast cancer development determined by mammographic parenchymal pattern. Cancer 37: 2486– 2492, 1976. 38 Byrne, R.: Utilization of thermography as a risk indicator in the detection of breast cancer. J. Breast 2: 43– 47, 1976. 39 Dodd, G. D. et al.: Thermography and cancer of the breast. Cancer 23: 797– 802, 1969. 40 Advisory Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Division of Medical Sciences, 1972. 41 Bailar, J. C., III: Mammography: a contrary view. Ann. Intern. Med. 84: 77– 84, 1976. 42 Simon, N., and Silverstone, S. M.: Radiation as a cause of breast cancer. Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med. 52: 741– 751, 1976. 43 National Cancer Institute and American Cancer Society Statement on X-ray Mammography in Screening for Breast Cancer. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Bethesda, Maryland, Aug. 23, 1976. 44 New York Metropolitan Group, Inc. Our Position on Mammography. Bulletin Jan:28, 1977. Citing Literature Volume27, Issue4July/August 1977Pages 209-232 ReferencesRelatedInformation