Breaking (with) the System: Exodus as Resistance?

In recent decades, the impact of international migration on world economic and political processes has increased significantly. Today, international labor migration of the population is one of the most important components of modern processes in the world economy, along with the other components, such as capital flow, goods, technologies and information. Globalization of the world economy has led to new trends in the processes associated with the international migration of labor, requiring scientific study. The object of the article is the modern processes of international labor migration. The aim of the work is to identify and analyze the main trends in international labor migration and its economic consequences. The author used the methods of statistical analysis, analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature, and the data synthesis. The paper examines the main trends in international labor migration such as an increase in the demographic significance of international migration in the demographic development of economically developed countries, an increase in illegal migration, an increase in the composition of migration flows of highly qualified workers and the proportion of women in the number of international migrants. The article analyzes the economic impact of international labor migration on the economies of countries exporting and importing labor resources. The article concludes that migration will increase in the near future due to three reasons: persisting inequality between rich and poor countries, political and ethnic conflicts in a number of regions and the creation of new free trade zones that will facilitate labor mobility. The conclusions and recommendations of this study may be of interest to researchers and practitioners in addressing labor migration issues in Russia and other countries.

Over the last thirty years international migration, defined as voluntary plus involuntary movement of people across borders, has increased enormously. Approximately half of all international migration has taken place within the developing countries and the annual growth rate has been steeper compared to the one of developed countries. Surprisingly, the vast parts of the literature on international migration concentrate on the North-South migration, without considering the South-South one. The scope of this paper is threefold: to analyze the phenomenon of international migration within developing countries, to provide a theoretical framework to study its effect on the receiving countrys economic development and to assess some of its security implications.

The Future of <i>The Geographical Journal</i>: Engaging with Public Issues

With the development of China's economy since 1979, a new type of Chinese migration has emerged, which is more diversified and quite distinct from previous migration patterns. Trafficking in human beings and other forms of irregular migration are one of the most pressing and complex human rights issues today, reaching across borders and affecting most of the countries in the world, with new and serious security implications. As part of the international irregular migration flows toward and into the European Union (EU), the Chinese, particularly from Fujian and Zhejiang provinces, have played a major role since the 1980s. To some extent, it could be said that China provides the largest number of East Asian irregular immigrants to Europe.Based on fieldwork conducted in southern China over the past seven years, this paper proposes to examine current Chinese irregular migration trends. It will further present the Government's response regarding the migratory modus operandi and policy implications with the aim of offering policy makers an empirical insight into the most active region of emigration in China. Because of the difficulty and sensitivity involved in collecting data on the topic, materials in this paper are mainly based on a content analysis of local Chinese newspapers and my interviews with various people involved in irregular migration activities, such as “snakeheads”, illegal migrants and their family members, and police, local, and government officials at different levels.

Fil: Clavijo Padilla, Janneth Karime. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentina

The Systeme d'Observation Permanente sur les Migrations (SOPEMI) was established in 1973 to provide the European member states of the organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) with a mechanism for the timely sharing of information on international migration. The core of the SOPEMI has always been a group of national experts who prepare annual reports on the migration situation in their respective countries. A summary of those national reports constitutes the annual SOPEMI report. 11 European countries have been consistently represented by SOPEMI membership while overseas member states (Australia, Canada, and the US) have joined only recently. Currently, the functioning of SOPEMI can be described in terms of 6 elements: 1) The Working Party on Migration. The principal function of SOPEMI is to provide information to this body, whose mandate is to collect systematically information trends and policies in the OECD member states to identify emerging problems in international cooperation. 2) Correspondents. These are academic or government officials who are experts on international migration and whose appointment to SOPEMI has been deemed acceptable by both OECD and national authorities in their respective member states. 3) National Reports. Correspondents produce national reports summarizing the main features of international migration in their respective countries during the most recent calendar year. 4) The Meeting. In November of each year, SOPEMI correspondents meet in Paris for 2 days to compare national experiences and exchange information. 5) SOPEMI's Annual Report. The annual report contains an assessment of the major themes emerging from national reports and a series of statistical tables. 6) The Grid. In an attempt to enhance the comparability of national reports, the OECD Secretariat has prepared a grid outlining the main topics deserving attention. In its latest format, the Annual SOPEMI Report includes 4 types of statistical tables: 1) cross national tables (for OECD Europe), 2) host-country tables (for OECD Europe), 3) emigration country tables, and 4) tables for non-European countries. To the extent possible, data on both stocks and flows of foreigners are presented. 1 of the greatest contributions of SOPEMI has been its ability to signal changes in the patterns and processes of international migration in Western Europe and North America as they have happened. Since flexibility is 1 of the key factors allowing such an accomplishment, it would be unwise to restrict it now that both the similarities and differences between national experiences need to be carefully disentangled.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Palestinian terrorists staged a number of spectacular hijackings of commercial airliners, exploited the often prolonged hostage situations to win massive news coverage of their political grievances, and seemed to inspire other groups to use the same tactics to highlight their grievances and demands. While the bombing of facilities was in the past and remains today the preferred mode of terrorist attacks, terrorists have also carried out assassinations, suicide missions, and kidnappings with various tactics fashionable at certain times and less so during other periods. For that reason, terrorism scholars, government officials, and journalists have pondered the question of mass-mediated contagion for decades without agreeing whether news about terrorist attacks inspires copycat strikes. Given the advances in communication and information technology and changes in the global media landscape during the last decade or so, this chapter reconsiders arguments surrounding contagion theories and contends that old and new media are important carriers of the virus of hate and instrumental in tactical and ideological contagion.

Preface G.Mavrotas & A.Shorrocks Foreword Obituary: Lal Jayawardena A.Singh PART 1: DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS IN RETROSPECT The Evolution of the Development Doctrine, 1950-2005 E.Thorbecke Turning Points in Development Thinking and Practice L.Emmerij From Sees to Sen: The Meaning of Economic Development W.Nafziger Inequality in Historical Perspective R.Jolly PART 2: INEQUALITY AND CONFLICT Health Improvements and Health Inequality During the Last 40 Years G.A.Cornia & L.Menchini Inequality and Corruption E.Uslaner Indivisibility, Fairness, Farsightedness and their Implications for Security S.M. Murshed Violence in Peace: Understanding Increased Violence in Early Post-conflict Transitions and its Implications for Development M.B. Hartwell PART 3: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND WELL-BEING International Convergence or Higher Inequality in Human Development? Evidence for 1975 to 2002 F.Noorbakhsh Investing in Health for Economic Development: The Case of Mexico N.Lustig A Wider Approach to Aid Effectiveness: Correlated Impacts on Health, Wealth, Fertility and Education D.Fielding, M.McGillivray & S.Torres Is Social Capital Part of the Institutions Continuum and is it a Deep Determinant of Development? S.Knowles PART 4: GLOBALISATION Stormy Days on an Open Field: Asymmetries in the Global Economy N.Birdsall A Quest for Pro-poor Globalisation M.Nissanke & E.Thorbecke International Migration in an Era of Globalisation A.de Haan PART 5: DEVELOPMENT FINANCE International Risk Tolerance, Capital Market Failure and Capital Flows to Emerging Markets V.Fitzgerald Prolonged Use and Conditionality Failure: Investigating the IMF Responsibility S.Marchesi & L.Sabani International Finance and the Developing World: The Next Twenty Years T.Addison PART 6: GROWTH AND POVERTY Gender and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Issues and Evidence M.Blackden, S.Canagarajah, S.Klasen & D.Lawson Decomposing Growth: Do Low-income and HIPC Countries Differ from High-income Countries? P.Haaparanta & H.Virta Evaluating Targeting Efficiency of Government Programmes: International Comparisons N.Kakwani & H. Son Innovations, High-tech Trade and Industrial Development: Theory, Evidence and Policy L.Singh Manufacturing, Services and Premature De-industrialization in Developing Countries S.Dasgupta & A.Singh PART 7: DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES Why Have All Development Strategies Failed in Latin America? G.Rozenwurcel Development in Chile 1990-2005: Lessons From a Positive Experience A.Garcia Hurtado Three Decades of Rural Development Projects in Asia, Latin America and Africa: Learning From Successes and Failures A.Zoomers Development Strategy, Viability and Economic Institutions: The Case of China J.Y.Lin, M.Liu, S.Pan & P.Zhang Institutions, Policies and Economic Development G.W. Kolodko Patterns of Rent-extraction and Deployment in Developing Countries: Implications for Governance, Economic Policy and Performance R.M. Auty Credit Co-operatives in Locally-financed Economic Development: Using Energy Efficiency as Lever R.McIntyre PART 8: DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS IN PROSPECT Development Through Globalisation? D.Nayyar Do we Need a New 'Great Transformation'? Is One Likely? F. Stewart Building Absorptive Capacity to Meet the Millennium Development Goals F.Bourguignon & M.Sundberg Applying Behavioural Economics to International Development Policy C.L. Anderson & K.Stamoulis The Human Dimensions of the Global Development Process in the Early Part of the 21st Century: Critical Trends and New Challenges M.Simai Development Questions for 25 Years L.Taylor

With China's construction of free trade zones and the development of digital technology, immigrants from Myanmar and internal migrants from all parts of China have gathered in Ruili, a cross-border hub connecting the two countries. As a result of these mobilities it has been transformed into a grass-roots level cosmopolitan area. Through six years of fieldwork, this study found that grassroots female live streamers who were excluded from mainstream metropolises gained more opportunities for survival and development in jadeite cross-border trade activities in Ruili through the concepts of female entrepreneurship and everyday strategic cosmopolitanism The notion of strategic cosmopolitanism refers to non-elite openness as a strategic response to economic, employment or career advancements generated by policies, discursively presented as economic cosmopolitanism. The increase in economic gains for some has significantly improved their socio-economic status, while at the same time paying the price of being locked in the logic and rules of capitalism.

Bridging the research gap between the Northern and Southern shores of the Mediterranean

"Will a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) decrease Mexican migration to the United States, as the U.S. and Mexican governments assert, or increase migration beyond the movement that would otherwise occur, as NAFTA critics allege? This article argues that it is easy to overestimate the additional emigration from rural Mexico owing to NAFTA-related economic restructuring in Mexico. The available evidence suggests four major reasons why Mexican emigration may not increase massively, despite extensive restructuring and displacement from traditional agriculture....NAFTA-related economic displacement in Mexico may yield an initial wave of migration to test the U.S. labor market, but this migration should soon diminish if the jobs that these migrants seek shift to Mexico."

Conurban

Zolberg successfully undertakes at least four projects. First, he reconsiders policy making regarding international migration in the early history of the United States. Second, he reveals the significant linkages among migration processes and policy and compelling national issues, notably, the regulation of the slave trade and slavery, the concept of citizenship, economic growth, and national identity. Third, Zolberg considers the evidence for the ‘path dependency’ of U.S. immigration policy, the migration ‘crises’ that have shifted the direction of the path, and the implications of these policy and institutional dynamics for contemporary immigration policy reform. Fourth, Zolberg reflects on scholarly perspectives and analyses of immigration and immigrant settlement that have shaped, and currently frame academic and public discourse concerning the implications of international migration for society, economy, and polity. Mutually reinforcing, these themes form the architecture of Zolberg's critical and critically insightful study of historical and contemporary U.S. immigration policy. A Nation by Design is an exceptional piece of scholarship not only as a comprehensive record of the role of international migration, immigration, and settlement in nation-building in the first century of the republic, but also as an critical synthesis of political, economic, social, and individual dimensions of policy formation, implementation, and reformulation. Zolberg succeeds in his project(s) by making demands of the historical evidence and of research design and method (chapter 5 and the reexamination of nativism, for example). His persistence in addressing alternative explanations—his metaphor of the ‘proverbial glass’ being half empty or half full—reveals his commitment to continuing research and reflection on an ambiguous issue. Fully half of the volume is devoted to revisiting the first century of the independent United States, a long period represented on most powerpoint slides in presentations as an era of ‘laissez-faire’ national immigration policy. With Zolberg's Int. Migration & Integration (2008) 9:105–106 DOI 10.1007/s12134-007-0036-6

Migration and health: a review of policies and initiatives in low and middle income countries

The Democratic Limits of Populist Politics