Abstract
Tulipa scardica and T. kosovarica are rare, endemic and endangered plants in Kosovo. This research was carried out to study the dormancy breaking treatment in Tulipa scardica and T. kosovarica seeds by pre-chilling and various concentration of potassium nitrate (KNO3), gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin, thiourea and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The experiment was conducted with untreated seeds (without stratification) and with stratified seeds (8 weeks) and treated with different concentration of some chemicals and plant growth regulators. Results showed that the final germination percentage (FGP) of seeds without stratification at both Tulipa plant species was zero, while germination was enhanced by pre-chilling (stratification) especially after treatment of these seeds by above mentioned treatments. Both Tulipa species showed an increase in mean germination time (MGT), an indication of slower germination, as different chemicals or plant growth regulators increased. Depending on treatments, germination was ranging from 80 % to 90 %, the maximum germination was detected in seeds treated with KNO3, GA3, and their combination, while the minimum germination in seeds without treatments and treated with thiourea. The conservation of these plants in botanic gardens by cultivation or propagation for commercial use as ornamental plants could give an effective contribution to the conservation of these plants.Abbreviations: KNO3 – potassium nitrate; GA3 - gibberellic acid; H2SO4 – sulfuric acid; FGP – final germination percentage; MGT – mean germination time
Highlights
Both tulip species grow in serpentine soils and previous investigation reported that T. kosovarica grows in soil with a higher concentration of Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr, Co and Cd, and lower concentration of N and Ca (Osmani et al, 2018)
We can presume that these metals can be involved in seed coat structure which directly contributes to resistance of these seeds in one hand, and in the metabolic pathway which can play a role as an ionic activator for enzyme during seed germination in another hand
Our results showed that seeds of T. scardica and T. kosovarica soaked with kinetin have significantly increased germination in comparison with control seeds and the lower concentration (250 ppm) of kinetin which has stronger effect on seed germination (90.67 % and 92.33 %, respectively) than higher concentration
Summary
In Tulipa kosovarica Kit Tan, Shuka & Krasniqi) s predhodnim hlajenjem, rastlinskimi rastnimi regulatorji in nekaterimi kemičnimi obravnavanji. Raziskava je bila opravljena za preučitev prekinitve dormance semen obeh vrst s predhodnim hlajenjem (stratifikacijo), z obravnavanji z različnimi koncentracijami kalijevega nitrata (KNO3), giberelinske kisline (GA3), kinetina, tiouree in žveplene kisline (H2SO4). Poskus je bil narejen s stratificiranimi (8 tednov) in nestrastificiranimi semeni in z različnimi koncentracijami omenjenih kemikalij ter rastlinskih rastnih regulatorjev. Da je bil končni odstotek kalitve nestratificiranih semen (FGP) pri obeh vrstah ničen, kalitev stratificiranih semen pa je bila po zgoraj omenjenih obravnavanjih povečana. Obe vrsti sta pokazali povečanje v poprečnem času kalitve (MGT), kar kaže na upočasnjeno kalitev ob povečanju koncentracij uporabljenih kemikalij in rastlinskih rastnih regulatorjev.
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