Abstract
Breakfast skipping is a public health issue which affects nutrient intake among adolescents worldwide. However, there have been few reports comparing intake and reference values to assess the deficiency of nutrient intake between breakfast consumers and skippers. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between breakfast skipping and adequacy of total habitual nutrient intake among junior high school female students. The participants were 516 Japanese female junior high school students. Dietary habits during the preceding month were assessed using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Inadequacy of each nutrient intake was assessed by the cut-point method, based on the estimated average requirement for fourteen nutrients and on dietary goal values for five nutrients. The overall nutritional inadequacy in participants was assessed by the number of consumed nutrients which did not meet the requirements as per the dietary reference intakes for Japanese, 2015 version. The participants were classified into two groups according to the frequency of breakfast eating: breakfast consumers (seven times/week) and breakfast skippers (0-6 times/week). Adequacy of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, Ca, Fe, Zn and K was higher among breakfast consumers than among skippers. Breakfast consumers had more intakes of fruits, vegetables and dairy products. Our findings suggest that breakfast skipping was related to deficiencies in vitamin and mineral intakes, and to an unfavourable dietary pattern, among Japanese female junior high school students.
Highlights
Breakfast skipping is a public health issue which affects nutrient intake among adolescents worldwide
A set of two self-administered questionnaires were distributed by teachers to 742 junior high school female students belonging to three schools in Kanto, Japan in June 2016
The incidence of breakfast skipping was significantly lower in students attending public junior high school than in those attending private junior high school (44·9 v. 55·1 %; P = 0·002)
Summary
Breakfast skipping is a public health issue which affects nutrient intake among adolescents worldwide. Our findings suggest that breakfast skipping was related to deficiencies in vitamin and mineral intakes, and to an unfavourable dietary pattern, among Japanese female junior high school students. Breakfast skipping was reported to be associated with a higher prevalence of obesity[7], hypertension[10,11], hyperlipidaemia[11,12], insulin insensitivity and type 2 diabetes[7] and CVD[11,13] Such reports might partly explain findings from previous crosssectional and intervention studies which show that eating breakfast may be a predictor of healthy eating behaviour, and implies a high intake of dietary fibre, thiamine or folate, and a low intake of fat[14,15,16].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
