Brazilian Forest Code as an Instrument for Environmental Conservation – Case Study of the Curupaí and Engano Watersheds, Mato Grosso do Sul/Brazil

Abstract

Objective: To analyze Rural Environmental Cadastres (CAR) of 126 properties in two microbasins with gullies and ravines, aiming to assess the effectiveness of the Forest Code in post-promulgation environmental conservation. Theoretical framework: The urgent need for monitoring stands out amid pressure on Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) and Legal Reserves (LR). CAR and the application of geotechnologies play a crucial role in environmental analysis and preservation. Method: It consisted of the temporal analysis of land use and vegetation cover to determine any significant changes attributable to the new legislation. Results and conclusion: The results reveal stability in land use and cover over 12 years, with predominant agricultural use and inadequacies in LR in over half of the properties. PPAs indicate better compliance but reveal challenges in self-declaration. Despite the Forest Code, there are obstacles in implementation, requiring improvements in rural oversight and awareness. Research implications: This study highlights challenges in Forest Code implementation and emphasizes the continuous need for improvements in environmental oversight and awareness among rural landowners, pointing out gaps in compliance with Legal Reserves and highlighting the utility of an automatic system in demarcating Permanent Preservation Areas. These contributions strengthen environmental management and conservation on rural properties. Originality/value: The study provides valuable insights for managers, legislators, and researchers in environmental policies, emphasizing the importance of continuous improvements in conservation in rural areas. The detailed analysis in microbasins reveals the effectiveness of legal guidelines and underscores challenges in Forest Code implementation.