Abstract

 
 
 Brain drain is an important issue that leads to losing skilled human resource ultimately results in psychosocial and economic instability of the country. The aim of the present study was to review the different studies on the phenomenon of brain drain. Studies on different issues were thoroughly reviewed which include the definition, causes, determinants, evolution and the recommendations for reducing negative consequences of brain drain. Also studies of different developing countries and of Pakistan as well were reviewed to see the negative and positive consequences of this issue. Pakistan because of its political instability and economic downfall is facing the problem of skilled trainees, doctors and professionals; therefore the present study focused the causes and effects of brain drain. Some recommendations were identified from the analysis of different research papers, which can help in the reduction of negative factors associated with the Brain drain phenomena.
 
 
Highlights
Brain drain is an important issue that leads to losing skilled human resource results in psychosocial and economic instability of the country
The present study examines the relationship of human capital, growth and brain drain in 77 countries
Considering the result of all these studies we can assume that Brain drain has both positive and negative consequences
Summary
Brain drain is an important issue that leads to losing skilled human resource results in psychosocial and economic instability of the country. The aim of the present study was to review the different studies on the phenomenon of brain drain. Studies on different issues were thoroughly reviewed which include the definition, causes, determinants, evolution and the recommendations for reducing negative consequences of brain drain. Studies of different developing countries and of Pakistan as well were reviewed to see the negative and positive consequences of this issue. Pakistan because of its political instability and economic downfall is facing the problem of skilled trainees, doctors and professionals; the present study focused the causes and effects of brain drain. The phenomenon of Brain drain is the “migration of skilled human resources in search of better living standard and quality of life, higher salaries, access to. Noor and Baloch advanced technology and more stable political conditions in different places worldwide for trade, education, etc” (Sunita & Ronald, 2005)
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