Abstract
Neokyotorphin (α137-141) is recognized as an antimicrobial peptide and a natural meat preservative. It is produced by conventional enzymatic hydrolysis of bovine hemoglobin, a major component of cruor, a by-product of slaughterhouses. However, during conventional hydrolysis, chemical agents are necessary to adjust and regulate the pH of the protein solution and the mineral salt content of the final hydrolysate is consequently high. To produce this peptide of interest without chemical agents and with a low salt concentration, electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EDBM), an electromembrane process recognized as a green process, with two different membrane configurations (cationic (MCP) and anionic (AEM) membranes) was investigated. Hydrolysis in EDBM showed the same enzymatic mechanism, “Zipper”, and allowed the generation of α137-141 in the same concentration as observed in conventional hydrolysis (control). EDBM-MCP allowed the production of hydrolysates containing a low concentration of mineral salts but with fouling formation on MCP, while EDBM-AEM allowed the production of hydrolysates without fouling but with a similar salt concentration than the control. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first time that EDBM was demonstrated as a feasible and innovative technology to produce peptide hydrolysates from enzymatic hydrolysis.
Highlights
Blood from slaughterhouses is an inevitable part of the meat production and a natural bioresource produced in very large quantities
The present study aimed to prove the feasibility of enzymatic hydrolysis of bovine hemoglobin by electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EDBM) to obtain α137-141
To test the feasibility of EDBM, to understand the different results obtained and to compare them with the control, the section below will present the parameters of the three conditions: conventional hydrolysis without membranes, hydrolysis in electrodialysis with bipolar and cationic membranes configuration (EDBM-Monovalent cation permselective (MCP)) and hydrolysis in electrodialysis with bipolar and anionic membranes configuration (EDBM-AEM)
Summary
Blood from slaughterhouses is an inevitable part of the meat production and a natural bioresource produced in very large quantities. Only 30% of the blood is valorized [1], while it has a high protein content and is an ideal. Membranes 2020, 10, 257 substrate for proteolysis For this reason, in the context of the circular economy, of which the objective is to produce goods while strongly limiting the consumption of raw materials and non-renewable energy sources, the agri-food industry is turning today towards the recovery of this waste and seeking to develop products with high added value. The most described aspect remains the antimicrobial activity [9,10,11,12] One of these antimicrobial peptides, the α137-141 peptide (neokyotorphin, 653 Da, pI of 10.5), has recently been reported as a natural preservative to protect meat during its storage or distribution. One of these antimicrobial peptides, the α137-141 peptide (neokyotorphin, 653 Da, pI of 10.5), has recently been reported as a natural preservative to protect meat during its storage or distribution. α137-141 showed a 60% reduction in the rancidity time and inhibited microbial growth after 14 days in the refrigerator with effects close to butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), commonly used as a meat preservative [12]
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