Bovine Hemoglobin Enzymatic Hydrolysis by a New Eco-Efficient Process-Part II: Production of Bioactive Peptides.

Mira Abou-Diab,Laurent Bazinet,Jacinthe Thibodeau,Ismail Fliss,Pascal Dhulster,Barbara Deracinois,Naima Nedjar,Christophe Flahaut

doi:10.3390/membranes10100268

Abstract

Bovine cruor, a slaughterhouse waste, was mainly composed of hemoglobin, a protein rich in antibacterial and antioxidant peptides after its hydrolysis. In the current context of food safety, such bioactive peptides derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of hemoglobin represent potential promising preservatives for the food sector. In this work, the hemoglobin hydrolysis to produce bioactive peptides was performed in a regulated pH medium without the use of chemical solvents and by an eco-efficient process: electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EDBM). Bipolar/monopolar (anionic or cationic) configuration using the H+ and OH− generated by the bipolar membranes to regulate the pH was investigated. The aim of this study was to present and identify the bioactive peptides produced by EDBM in comparison with conventional hydrolysis and to identify their biological activity. The use of the EDBM for the enzymatic hydrolysis of hemoglobin has allowed for the production and identification of 17 bioactive peptides. Hydrolysates obtained by EDBM showed an excellent antimicrobial activity against six strains, antioxidant activity measured by four different tests and for the first time anti-fungal activities against five yeasts and mold strains. Consequently, this enzymatic hydrolysis carried out in regulated pH medium with bipolar membranes could provide bioactive peptides presenting antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant interest.

Highlights

According to a report published in 2018 by The World Bank, by 2050, the world is expected to generate 3.40 billion tons of waste annually, increasing drastically from today’s 2.01 billion tons [1].the industrial processes used in the food industries participate to this growing production of waste driven by rapid urbanization and growing populations
The objectives of this study were to (1) identify and characterize the peptide population of the different conditions by UPLC-MS/MS, (2) identify the bioactive peptides resulting from this hydrolysis of hemoglobin and (3) study the biological activities of the hydrolysates obtained from electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EDBM)
Chemicals required for the assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,20 -azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), β-carotene, and linoleic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Quentin Fallavier, France)

Summary

Introduction

According to a report published in 2018 by The World Bank, by 2050, the world is expected to generate 3.40 billion tons of waste annually, increasing drastically from today’s 2.01 billion tons [1].the industrial processes used in the food industries participate to this growing production of waste driven by rapid urbanization and growing populations. Many studies have shown that bioactive peptides derived from conventional enzymatic hydrolysis of hemoglobin can represent a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives that are suspected to induce pathological and toxic effects [18,19,20] These peptides have been used recently to protect meat, reducing lipid oxidation and microbial growths during food storage and distribution [17]. In link with the concept of the circular economy, blood from slaughterhouses can be recycled by the meat industry for the production of biopeptides with improved functions This is in direct link with the current context of food safety and food protection by means of natural products, adding value to proteins from wastes [5,21,22]

Objectives

Methods

Results