Abstract
In humans and mice, γδ T cells represent <5% of the total circulating lymphocytes. In contrast, the γδ T cell compartment in ruminants accounts for 15–60% of the total circulating mononuclear lymphocytes. Despite the existence of CD4+CD25high Foxp3+ T cells in the bovine system, these are neither anergic nor suppressive. We present evidence showing that bovine γδ T cells are the major regulatory T cell subset in peripheral blood. These γδ T cells spontaneously secrete IL-10 and proliferate in response to IL-10, TGF-β, and contact with APCs. IL-10–expressing γδ T cells inhibit Ag-specific and nonspecific proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vitro. APC subsets expressing IL-10 and TFG-β regulate proliferation of γδ T cells producing IL-10. We propose that γδ T cells are a major regulatory T cell population in the bovine system.
Highlights
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We present evidence showing that bovine gd T cells are the major regulatory T cell subset in peripheral blood
Gd T cells represent between 15 and 60% of the circulating lymphocytes [4], and a large proportion of bovine gd T cells express workshop cluster 1 (WC1), a transmembrane glycoprotein and member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich family, which is closely related to CD163
Summary
These results suggest that a subset of circulating T cells expressing the gd TCR are a major regulatory and suppressive T cell population in ruminants. To confirm that selection by MACS did not have a nonspecific effect on the expansion of IL-10–producing gd T cells, we negatively selected peripheral blood gd TCR+ cells by MACS or flow sorted and cultured them with autologous monocytes as described earlier with similar results (data not shown).
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