Abstract
For a fluid layer heated and cooled differentially at its surface, we use a variational approach to place bounds on the viscous dissipation rate and a horizontal Nusselt measure based on the entropy production. With a general temperature distribution imposed at the top of the layer and a variety of thermal boundary conditions at the base of the layer, the horizontal Nusselt number is bounded by , suggesting either that the bound is not tight or that the numerics have yet to reach the asymptotic regime.
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