Abstract
Hybrid nanofluid is considered a new type of nanofluid and is further used to increase the heat transfer efficiency. This paper explores the two-dimensional steady axisymmetric boundary layer which contains water (base fluid) and two different nanoparticles to form a hybrid nanofluid over a permeable moving plate. The plate is suspected to move to the free stream in the similar or opposite direction. Similarity transformation is introduced in order to convert the nonlinear partial differential equation of the governing equation into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then, the ODEs are solved using bvp4c in MATLAB 2019a software. The mathematical hybrid nanofluid and boundary conditions under the effect of suction, S, and the concentration of nanoparticles, ϕ 1 (Al2O3) and ϕ 2 (TiO2) are taken into account. Numerical results are graphically described for the skin friction coefficient, C f , and local Nusselt number, N u x , as well as velocity and temperature profiles. The results showed that duality occurs when the plate and the free stream travel in the opposite direction. The range of dual solutions expand widely for S and closely reduce for ϕ . Thus, a stability analysis is performed. The first solution is stable and realizable compared to the second solution. The C f and N u x increase with the increment of S. It is also noted that the increase of ϕ 2 leads to an increase in C f and decrease in N u x .
Highlights
In recent decades, study of fluid dynamics has received significant interest among researchers, scientists and scholars from different fields due to various applications in engineering, science and technology
This present study aims to analyze the effect of φ and S on skin friction and heat transfer
The conclusion can be summarized as a duality of solutions existing for certain ranges of φ, S and moving parameter, λ
Summary
Study of fluid dynamics has received significant interest among researchers, scientists and scholars from different fields due to various applications in engineering, science and technology. According to Buseman [1], Ludwig Prandtl was the pioneer in providing a boundary layer theory Using his theory, numerous researchers have successfully conducted in analyzing different types of fluid: Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluid with various effect and surfaces. In the presence of thermal radiation, the reduction in thermal boundary thickness of the plate is due to the effect of the Prandtl number, which was studied by Bataller [24] on the traditional Blasius flow in fluid mechanics. Suction/injection of fluid through the surface can significantly modify the flow field, such as in mass transfer cooling It affects the rate of heat transfer in forced, free and mixed convection.
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