Bottom-up and top-down heat demand mapping methods for small municipalities, case Gllogoc

Abstract

The identification and spatial distribution of heat demand for space heating is of high importance for the planning and design of district heating systems because around 70–80% of total final energy consumption by the household sector is consumed for space heating purposes. The aim of this research is the quantification and validation of heat demand distribution within a small municipality using a newly developed Bottom-up and Top-down heat mapping method. The Bottom-up mapping method is based on building features such as surface floor area, building height, building use and the share of the heated area while the top-down mapping method relies on energy balances and population distribution densities. These mapping methods are based on a GIS analysis of heat demand with high spatial resolution grids 100 m × 100 m. Two bottom-up scenarios have been created, one of which overestimate and the other which satisfy the actual heat demands of the buildings and the results of both are compared with the top-down analysis to quantify the impact of the assumptions and input data on the final result.