Both Las17-binding sites on Arp2/3 complex are important for branching nucleation and assembly of functional endocytic actin networks in S. cerevisiae

Abstract

Arp2/3 complex nucleates branched actin filaments that drive membrane invagination during endocytosis and leading-edge protrusion in lamellipodia. Arp2/3 complex is maximally activated in vitro by binding of a WASP family protein to two sites—one on the Arp3 subunit and one spanning Arp2 and ARPC1—but the importance of each site in the regulation of force-producing actin networks is unclear. Here we identify mutations in budding yeast Arp2/3 complex that decrease or block engagement of Las17, the budding yeast WASP, at each site. As in the mammalian system, both sites are required for maximal activation in vitro. Dimerization of Las17 partially restores activity of mutations at both CA binding sites. Arp2/3 complexes defective at either site assemble force-producing actin networks in a bead motility assay, but their reduced activity hinders motility by decreasing actin assembly near the bead surface and by failing to suppress actin filament bundling within the networks. While even the most defective Las17 binding site mutants assembled actin filaments at endocytic sites, they showed significant internalization defects, potentially because they lack the proper architecture to drive plasma membrane remodeling. Together, our data indicate that both Las17 binding sites are important to assemble functional endocytic actin networks in budding yeast, but Arp2/3 complex retains some activity in vitro and in vivo even with a severe defect at either Las17 binding site.