Abstract
The use bulbs of Eleutherine bulbosa for treatament of diseases caused by malaria, amoeba and bacteria. This study accomplished the botanical and phytochemical characterization, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic of E. bulbosa. For the anatomical studies, the studied material was fixed in formaldehyde – acetic acid and ethanol and it was dyed in safranin and in astra blue. For histochemistry, was fixed in buffered neutral formalin and in ferrous sulphate in formalina. Ethanolic Extract (EE) was submitted to fractionation in a chromatographic column and four (4) fractions were obtained from it. The Dichloromethane Fraction (DF) was submitted to a new fractionation. The biological activity was evalueted by diffusion in agar, microdilution and celular viability MTT. The bulb of E. bulbosa is characterized by a reduced caulinar axis and by succulent amiliferous cataphylls, epidermis with the presence of anthocyanins, homogeneous mesophyll with idioblasts of prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate and phenolic compounds. In agar diffusion it was observed that EE, DF and ethyl acetate fraction (ACF) were active for Staphylococcus aureus. In microdilution, DF (Inhibitory minimum concentration= 125 µg/ mL) was more active. For all samples the Minimous Bactericidal Concentration was >1000 µg/ mL. The fractionation contributes positively with the citotoxicity, being subfractions S1 and S2 the most citotoxic ones. The Fraction Dichloromethane was the most active one for S. aureus and more citotoxicity to VERO cells. Probably the less citotoxicity of EE is related to the presence of anthocyanins that are present on bulbs epidermis.
Highlights
Resumo Bulbos de Eleutherine bulbosa são usados para tratamento de malária, ameba e bactérias
Bacteria restarted to grow significantly (Table 1). This fact suggests that the efect promoted by Extrato Etanólico (EE), Dichloromethane Fraction (DF), acetate fraction (ACF), S2 and S3 is of bacteriostatic type
It was observed that EE, DF and ACF were active against Staphylococcus aureus, without having significant antimicrobial activity against the other tested microorganisms
Summary
Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. Iridaceae popularly known in brazilian amazon region as “marupazinho”, nambu-tutano and anajai (Matos & Lorenzi, 2002; Coelho-Ferreira, 2009). It belongs to the family Iridaceae and it has as a botanic synonymous Eleutherine plicata Herb. Et al (2009) studied the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract obtained from bulbs of Eleutherine americana in 14 strains of bacteria, 6 strains of fungi and 2 strains of yeasts. This extract presented activity against all Gram positive bacteria, besides that, it was active against fungi Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus. The objective was to accomplish the anatomic characterization of the bulbous cataphylls of E. bulbosa, its phytochemical analysis, its antibacterial activity, its cytotoxic potential and the influence of its fractionation on the tested microorganisms
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